BIOL 1902 Exam-Questions with Correct Answers/ Expert Verified/ Latest
Update/ Already Grade A+
Batesian Mimicry vs. Mullerian Mimicry - ✔✔Batesian: model and mimic
Mullerian: all toxic, unrelated groupings
Thanatosis - ✔✔playing dead
Why do white tail deer and rabbits stick up their tail when running from a predator? - ✔✔1 -
distracting predators so they'll trip or smth
2 - warning others of danger
3 - telling the predator to give up bc they've been noticed
tapetum lucidum - ✔✔Layer of cells at back of nocturnal eyes to capture more light
Mixed species flock vs single species flock - ✔✔Single species: abundant food sources
Mixed species: different less available food sources
Thistle - ✔✔Modified leaves, have spine, ex. Cacti
Thorns - ✔✔modified branches, analogous to porcupine quills
Prickles - ✔✔Modified hairs, prickly ash shrub may be prickles or thistles
Trichomes - ✔✔Modified plant hairs loaded a chemicals usually
Digestibility reducers - ✔✔Cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, lignin, silica
Calcium oxalate crystals - ✔✔Cause burning sensation when eaten, ex. Arum plants
, Terpenoids v alkaloids - ✔✔Terpenoids are bitter, no nitrogen
Alkaloids contain nitrogen, can bind to digestive system
Astringency - ✔✔Bitter taste, ex. Tannin
Constitutive defence - ✔✔Always present
Example of inducible defence - ✔✔Black cherry leaves
Phytohormones - ✔✔Defence call in a plant; josmonic acid, ethylene, salicylic acid
Mammal thermogenesis and insulation layers - ✔✔Guard hair;underfur;subcutaneous
fat;brown fat
Bird insulations and thermogenesis layers - ✔✔Contour feathers;down;subcutaneous fat
Gloger's Rule - ✔✔White animals are more common in cold climates/north of the equator
Allen's rule - ✔✔Small extremities + big bod = best heat retention
Bergmann's Rule - ✔✔The principle that an animal's size is heat-related; smaller bodies are
adapted to hot environments, and larger bodies are adapted to cold environments.
AKA low surface area: volume ratio is best (polar bears not a shrew) (100:90 is better than
1000:50)
Best winter bird roost site - ✔✔Coniferous trees (retain needles) w snow
What animals, beside woodpeckers, sleep in tree cavities? - ✔✔Small owls, black capped
chickadees, huddles of flying squirrels and raccoons respectively
Update/ Already Grade A+
Batesian Mimicry vs. Mullerian Mimicry - ✔✔Batesian: model and mimic
Mullerian: all toxic, unrelated groupings
Thanatosis - ✔✔playing dead
Why do white tail deer and rabbits stick up their tail when running from a predator? - ✔✔1 -
distracting predators so they'll trip or smth
2 - warning others of danger
3 - telling the predator to give up bc they've been noticed
tapetum lucidum - ✔✔Layer of cells at back of nocturnal eyes to capture more light
Mixed species flock vs single species flock - ✔✔Single species: abundant food sources
Mixed species: different less available food sources
Thistle - ✔✔Modified leaves, have spine, ex. Cacti
Thorns - ✔✔modified branches, analogous to porcupine quills
Prickles - ✔✔Modified hairs, prickly ash shrub may be prickles or thistles
Trichomes - ✔✔Modified plant hairs loaded a chemicals usually
Digestibility reducers - ✔✔Cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, lignin, silica
Calcium oxalate crystals - ✔✔Cause burning sensation when eaten, ex. Arum plants
, Terpenoids v alkaloids - ✔✔Terpenoids are bitter, no nitrogen
Alkaloids contain nitrogen, can bind to digestive system
Astringency - ✔✔Bitter taste, ex. Tannin
Constitutive defence - ✔✔Always present
Example of inducible defence - ✔✔Black cherry leaves
Phytohormones - ✔✔Defence call in a plant; josmonic acid, ethylene, salicylic acid
Mammal thermogenesis and insulation layers - ✔✔Guard hair;underfur;subcutaneous
fat;brown fat
Bird insulations and thermogenesis layers - ✔✔Contour feathers;down;subcutaneous fat
Gloger's Rule - ✔✔White animals are more common in cold climates/north of the equator
Allen's rule - ✔✔Small extremities + big bod = best heat retention
Bergmann's Rule - ✔✔The principle that an animal's size is heat-related; smaller bodies are
adapted to hot environments, and larger bodies are adapted to cold environments.
AKA low surface area: volume ratio is best (polar bears not a shrew) (100:90 is better than
1000:50)
Best winter bird roost site - ✔✔Coniferous trees (retain needles) w snow
What animals, beside woodpeckers, sleep in tree cavities? - ✔✔Small owls, black capped
chickadees, huddles of flying squirrels and raccoons respectively
