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Tolerance - ANSWER ✓ process of becoming less responsive to a particular drug
over time
tachyphylaxis - ANSWER ✓ acute decrease in response to a drug
Schedule I - ANSWER ✓ Nonmedical substances
High abuse potential
Research only
No prescription available
ex: heroin, marijuana
Schedule II - ANSWER ✓ Medicinal drugs
High abuse/dependency potential
Written prescription ONLY
No telephone orders
No refills
Ex: morphine, codeine, fentanyl, methadone, Dilaudid, Oxycontin, Vicodin,
amphetamine salts, methylphenidate
Schedule III - ANSWER ✓ Less abuse potential than II, more than IV
Telephone orders allowed if written prescription given first
Renew prescription every 6 months
Limit 5 refills
Ex: appetite suppressants, butalbital, testosterone, Suboxone
Schedule IV - ANSWER ✓ Less abuse potential
,Ex: Darvon, Talwin, Benzodiazepines, Provigil, phenobarbital, Ambien, Lunesta,
Restoril, Nuvigil
Schedule V - ANSWER ✓ Lowest abuse potential
Handled similar to noncontrolled drugs
Ex: Buprenex, Robitussin with codeine, Phenergan with codeine, Lomotil
Pregnancy FDA ratings - ANSWER ✓ A: Controlled studies show no risk
B: No evidence of risk in humans
C: Risk cannot be ruled out
D: Positive evidence of risk
X: Absolutely contraindicated
Benzodiazepines in pregnancy - ANSWER ✓ Floppy baby syndrome; cleft palate
Tegretol in pregnancy - ANSWER ✓ Neural tube defects
Lithium in pregnancy - ANSWER ✓ Epstein anomaly (rare heart defect)
Depakote in pregnancy - ANSWER ✓ Neural tube defects, specifically spina
bifida; atrial septal defect; cleft palate; possible long term developmental deficits
Medications that induce depression - ANSWER ✓ -Beta blockers
-Steroids
-Interferon
-Accutane
-Retrovirals
-Antineoplastic
-Benzodiazepines
-Progesterone
Medications that induce mania - ANSWER ✓ -Steroids
-Antabuse
-Isoniazid (INH)
-Antidepressants in people with BPD
Drugs that can cause false positive for amphetamines - ANSWER ✓ Stimulants
Wellbutrin
,Prozac
Trazodone
Ranitidine
Serzone
Decongestants
Pseudoephedrine
Drugs that can cause false positive for Alcohol - ANSWER ✓ Valium
Drugs that can cause false positive for Benzo's - ANSWER ✓ Zoloft
Drugs that can cause false positive for cocaine - ANSWER ✓ Amoxicillin
Most antibiotics
NSAIDs
Drugs that can cause false positive for heroin or morphine - ANSWER ✓
Quinolones
Rifampin
Codeine
Poppy seeds
Drugs that can cause false positive for methadone or PCP - ANSWER ✓ OTC
cough medicine
Psychoanalytics therapy - ANSWER ✓ Freud
behavior is determined by unconscious motivations and instinctual motivations and
instinctual drives
-promotes change by development of greater insight and awareness of maladaptive
defenses
Cognitive therapy - ANSWER ✓ Beck
-external events do not cause anxiety or maladaptive responses
-a person's expectations, perceptions, and interpretations of events cause anxiety
-allows clients to view reality more clearly through examination of their central
distorted cognitions
-Goal is to change clients irrational beliefs, faulty conceptions, and negative
cognitive distortions
, Behavioral therapy - ANSWER ✓ Lazarus
focuses on changing maladaptive behaviors by participating in active behavioral
techniques such as exposure, relaxation, problem solving, and role playing
DBT - ANSWER ✓ Linehan
-common with Borderline personality disorder
-focus on emotional regulation, tolerance for distress, self-management skills,
interpersonal effectiveness, and mindfulness, emphasis on treating therapy-
interfering behaviors
Goals of DBT - ANSWER ✓ Decrease:
-suicidal behaviors
-therapy-interfering behaviors
-emotional reactivity
-self-invalidation
-crisis-generating behaviors
-passivity
Increase:
-realistic decision making
-accurate communication of emotions
Existential therapy - ANSWER ✓ Frankl
-reflection on life and self-confrontation is encouraged
-accepting freedom and making responsible choices
-basic dimension of humans includes finding meaning and purpose in life
-goals are to live authentically and focus on the present and personal responsibility
Humanistic therapy - ANSWER ✓ Rogers
-person-centered therapy
-self-directed growth, self actualization
-people are born with capacity to direct themselves toward self-actualization
-each person has the potential to actualize and find meaning
Interpersonal therapy - ANSWER ✓ Klerman, Weissman
-EBT, focus on interpersonal issues that are creating distress
-Time limited, active, focused on present and interpersonal distress
-treat aspects of depression, effective for adults and adolescents
-applied to treat interpersonal distress related to other disorders, including BPD,
substance use, and eating disorders