ESTUDYR
BIOL 103 UPDATED EXAM WITH MOST TESTED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | GRADED A+ | ASSURED SUCCESS WITH
DETAILED RATIONALES
Heredity is best defined as:
A. The process of cell metabolism
B. The transmission of traits from one generation to the next
C. Variation among individuals in a population
D. The creation of new species
Rationale: Heredity refers to passing genetic information (traits) across generations.
Variation refers to:
A. The inheritance of identical traits
B. Speciation events only
C. Differences between members of the same species
D. Changes in climate over time
Rationale: Variation is the phenotypic/genetic differences among individuals of a species.
Genetics is the scientific study of:
A. Ecology and ecosystems
B. Cellular respiration only
C. Heredity and variation
D. Atmospheric chemistry
Rationale: Genetics investigates how traits are inherited and how variation arises.
A gene is:
A. A membrane-bound organelle
B. A hereditary unit that codes (often) for polypeptides
C. A carbohydrate polymer
D. The physical appearance of an organism
Rationale: Genes are DNA segments that typically encode polypeptides or RNAs.
Gametes are:
A. Diploid body cells
B. Haploid reproductive cells (egg and sperm) formed by meiosis
C. Organelles in mitochondria
D. Proteins used in transcription
Rationale: Gametes contain one set of chromosomes and result from meiosis.
Somatic cells are:
A. Gametes only
B. Diploid cells of multicellular organisms (nonreproductive cells)
, ESTUDYR
C. Cells with a single chromosome set
D. Bacterial cells only
Rationale: Somatic cells make up tissues/organs and are diploid in animals/plants.
Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are:
A. Genetically diverse via recombination
B. Genetically identical to the parent (clones)
C. Only produced by meiosis
D. Always diploid hybrids
Rationale: Asexual reproduction (binary fission, budding) yields clones of the parent.
Sexual reproduction is defined by:
A. Cloning of parental genotype
B. Fusion of two gametes to form a zygote
C. Mitosis only
D. Production of identical offspring
Rationale: Sexual reproduction combines genetic material from two parents via gametes.
A species’ life cycle refers to:
A. How long each individual lives
B. The average lifespan of members
C. The generation-to-generation sequence of reproductive stages
D. Only embryonic development stages
Rationale: Life cycle tracks all stages from one generation to the next.
A karyotype displays:
A. A DNA nucleotide sequence
B. Chromosome pairs arranged by size and shape
C. Protein folding patterns
D. Gene expression levels
Rationale: Karyotyping visualizes homologous chromosome pairs for number/structure analysis.
Homologous chromosomes are:
A. Nonmatching chromosomes in different species
B. Chromosomes with identical DNA sequences
C. A pair with same length, centromere position, and gene loci
D. Only present in haploid cells
Rationale: Homologues carry the same genes (may have different alleles) at corresponding loci.
An autosome is a chromosome that:
A. Determines biological sex
B. Is only in gametes
C. Is not directly involved in sex determination
BIOL 103 UPDATED EXAM WITH MOST TESTED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | GRADED A+ | ASSURED SUCCESS WITH
DETAILED RATIONALES
Heredity is best defined as:
A. The process of cell metabolism
B. The transmission of traits from one generation to the next
C. Variation among individuals in a population
D. The creation of new species
Rationale: Heredity refers to passing genetic information (traits) across generations.
Variation refers to:
A. The inheritance of identical traits
B. Speciation events only
C. Differences between members of the same species
D. Changes in climate over time
Rationale: Variation is the phenotypic/genetic differences among individuals of a species.
Genetics is the scientific study of:
A. Ecology and ecosystems
B. Cellular respiration only
C. Heredity and variation
D. Atmospheric chemistry
Rationale: Genetics investigates how traits are inherited and how variation arises.
A gene is:
A. A membrane-bound organelle
B. A hereditary unit that codes (often) for polypeptides
C. A carbohydrate polymer
D. The physical appearance of an organism
Rationale: Genes are DNA segments that typically encode polypeptides or RNAs.
Gametes are:
A. Diploid body cells
B. Haploid reproductive cells (egg and sperm) formed by meiosis
C. Organelles in mitochondria
D. Proteins used in transcription
Rationale: Gametes contain one set of chromosomes and result from meiosis.
Somatic cells are:
A. Gametes only
B. Diploid cells of multicellular organisms (nonreproductive cells)
, ESTUDYR
C. Cells with a single chromosome set
D. Bacterial cells only
Rationale: Somatic cells make up tissues/organs and are diploid in animals/plants.
Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are:
A. Genetically diverse via recombination
B. Genetically identical to the parent (clones)
C. Only produced by meiosis
D. Always diploid hybrids
Rationale: Asexual reproduction (binary fission, budding) yields clones of the parent.
Sexual reproduction is defined by:
A. Cloning of parental genotype
B. Fusion of two gametes to form a zygote
C. Mitosis only
D. Production of identical offspring
Rationale: Sexual reproduction combines genetic material from two parents via gametes.
A species’ life cycle refers to:
A. How long each individual lives
B. The average lifespan of members
C. The generation-to-generation sequence of reproductive stages
D. Only embryonic development stages
Rationale: Life cycle tracks all stages from one generation to the next.
A karyotype displays:
A. A DNA nucleotide sequence
B. Chromosome pairs arranged by size and shape
C. Protein folding patterns
D. Gene expression levels
Rationale: Karyotyping visualizes homologous chromosome pairs for number/structure analysis.
Homologous chromosomes are:
A. Nonmatching chromosomes in different species
B. Chromosomes with identical DNA sequences
C. A pair with same length, centromere position, and gene loci
D. Only present in haploid cells
Rationale: Homologues carry the same genes (may have different alleles) at corresponding loci.
An autosome is a chromosome that:
A. Determines biological sex
B. Is only in gametes
C. Is not directly involved in sex determination
