NUTRITION FINAL EXAM LATEST 2025 UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Energy-yielding Nutrients - correct answer the nutrients that break down to yield
energy the body can use; protein, fat and carbs
Kcals/g for energy-yielding nutrients - correct answer proteins/carbs-4, fat-9, alcohol-
7
Essential Nutrients - correct answer nutrients that must come from food because our
bodies cannot produce it in sufficient amounts to meet physiological needs
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) - correct answer a set of nutrient intake values for
healthy people in the U.S. and Canada
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) - correct answer the average daily amount
of nutrient considered adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of practically all
healthy people
Legumes - correct answer group of plants that include beans and peas; generally
low in fat and are nutrient and fiber rich; examples- black beans, kidney beans,
peanuts
Discretionary Calories - correct answer the kcalories remaining in a person's energy
allowance after consuming enough nutrient-dense foods to meet all nutrient needs
for a day
Whole Grains - correct answer a grain that maintains the same relative proportions
of starchy endosperm, germ, and bran as the original; at least half of grains should
be whole; look for "whole grain" as one of first things in ingredient list
Fortified foods - correct answer the addition to a food of nutrients that were either not
originally present or present in insignificant amounts; cereal is highly fortified
Vegetarians - correct answer people who exclude meat, poultry, fish or other animal-
derived foods from their diets
Iron in Vegetarians - correct answer RDA for iron is higher in vegetarians; iron
absorption enhanced by Vitamin C; vegetarians are no more iron deificient than
other people
Non-heme iron - correct answer Iron found in non-meat based foods; can be found in
vegetables, grains, iron-fortified cereals and legumes; not absorbed by the body as
well as heme iron
Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract - correct answer a flexible muscular tube that extends
from the mouth, through the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine,
and rectum to anus
Small Intestine - correct answer 10-foot length of intestine that is the major site of
digestion of food and absorption of nutrients; the segments are called the duodenum,
jejunum, and ileum
Pyloric Sphincter - correct answer allows passage from stomach to small intestine;
prevents backflow from small intestine
, Villi - correct answer Small fingerlike projections on the walls of the small intestines
that increase surface area
Carbohydrate Digestion - correct answer begins in the mouth, continues until it's
mixed with gastric juices; the stomach acid of gastric juices deactivates salivary
enzyme and carb digestion ceases; picks up when pancreas sends enzymes to
small intestine to break down starch into small segments that can be absorbed
through the intestinal walls into the hepatic portal vein; digested fast
Fiber - correct answer structural parts of plants found in vegetables, fruits, whole
grains, and legumes; promote healthful GI tract
Protein Digestion - correct answer begin to uncoil when mixed with gasric acid,
making them available to gastric enzymes that begin to digest proteins; small
fragments are absorbed through the small intestinal wall into the hepatic portal vein;
makes us feel most full
Fat Digestion - correct answer form a layer on top of watery mixture in stomach;
emulsified by bile, lipases begin to break them down into small fragments that can be
absorbed through small intestine into lymph; digested slowest
Yogurt - correct answer milk product that promotes a healthful GI tract with use of
probiotics
Glycogen - correct answer storage form of glucose stored in the liver and muscles
Soluble Fibers - correct answer dissolve in water commonly found in oats, barley,
legumes and citrus fruits; protect against heart disease and diabetes by lowering
blood cholesterol and glucose levels
Insoluble Fibers - correct answer do not dissolve in water commonly found in whole
grains and vegetables; promote bowel movements, alleviate constipation, and
prevent diverticular disease
Insulin - correct answer hormone that decreases blood sugar; people with diabetes
don't produce enough
Glucagon - correct answer hormone that raises blood sugar levels; when glucose is
gone glucagon gets released
Diabetes - correct answer a chronic disorder resulting from unsufficient or ineffective
insulin
Lipo-proteins - correct answer special proteins in our bodies that transport lipids in
the blood; can't get from food
HDL lipo-protein - correct answer good; made by the liver and carries cholesterol
around and takes it from our bodies back to the liver to get rid of; lowers the risk of
heart disease
LDL lipo-proteins - correct answer bad; take cholesterol from liver and distributes it
around the body; causes plaque formation; high LDL associated with high risk of
heart attack
Dietary Strategies to lower blood cholesterol - correct answer lower saturated and
trans fats
Cholesterol - correct answer a sterol derived only from animal products
Omega-3 Fatty Acids - correct answer polyunsaturated fatty acids commonly found
in fish oils that are beneficial to cardiovascular health
Hemoglobin - correct answer protein nutrients - correct answer glucose from
carbohydrate; amino acids from protein; glycerol and 3 fatty acids (triglyceride) from
fat
Fat storage - correct answer stored when we consume more calories than we burn
Glycolysis - correct answer the metabolic breakdown of glucose to pyruvate; does
not require oxygen
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Energy-yielding Nutrients - correct answer the nutrients that break down to yield
energy the body can use; protein, fat and carbs
Kcals/g for energy-yielding nutrients - correct answer proteins/carbs-4, fat-9, alcohol-
7
Essential Nutrients - correct answer nutrients that must come from food because our
bodies cannot produce it in sufficient amounts to meet physiological needs
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) - correct answer a set of nutrient intake values for
healthy people in the U.S. and Canada
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) - correct answer the average daily amount
of nutrient considered adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of practically all
healthy people
Legumes - correct answer group of plants that include beans and peas; generally
low in fat and are nutrient and fiber rich; examples- black beans, kidney beans,
peanuts
Discretionary Calories - correct answer the kcalories remaining in a person's energy
allowance after consuming enough nutrient-dense foods to meet all nutrient needs
for a day
Whole Grains - correct answer a grain that maintains the same relative proportions
of starchy endosperm, germ, and bran as the original; at least half of grains should
be whole; look for "whole grain" as one of first things in ingredient list
Fortified foods - correct answer the addition to a food of nutrients that were either not
originally present or present in insignificant amounts; cereal is highly fortified
Vegetarians - correct answer people who exclude meat, poultry, fish or other animal-
derived foods from their diets
Iron in Vegetarians - correct answer RDA for iron is higher in vegetarians; iron
absorption enhanced by Vitamin C; vegetarians are no more iron deificient than
other people
Non-heme iron - correct answer Iron found in non-meat based foods; can be found in
vegetables, grains, iron-fortified cereals and legumes; not absorbed by the body as
well as heme iron
Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract - correct answer a flexible muscular tube that extends
from the mouth, through the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine,
and rectum to anus
Small Intestine - correct answer 10-foot length of intestine that is the major site of
digestion of food and absorption of nutrients; the segments are called the duodenum,
jejunum, and ileum
Pyloric Sphincter - correct answer allows passage from stomach to small intestine;
prevents backflow from small intestine
, Villi - correct answer Small fingerlike projections on the walls of the small intestines
that increase surface area
Carbohydrate Digestion - correct answer begins in the mouth, continues until it's
mixed with gastric juices; the stomach acid of gastric juices deactivates salivary
enzyme and carb digestion ceases; picks up when pancreas sends enzymes to
small intestine to break down starch into small segments that can be absorbed
through the intestinal walls into the hepatic portal vein; digested fast
Fiber - correct answer structural parts of plants found in vegetables, fruits, whole
grains, and legumes; promote healthful GI tract
Protein Digestion - correct answer begin to uncoil when mixed with gasric acid,
making them available to gastric enzymes that begin to digest proteins; small
fragments are absorbed through the small intestinal wall into the hepatic portal vein;
makes us feel most full
Fat Digestion - correct answer form a layer on top of watery mixture in stomach;
emulsified by bile, lipases begin to break them down into small fragments that can be
absorbed through small intestine into lymph; digested slowest
Yogurt - correct answer milk product that promotes a healthful GI tract with use of
probiotics
Glycogen - correct answer storage form of glucose stored in the liver and muscles
Soluble Fibers - correct answer dissolve in water commonly found in oats, barley,
legumes and citrus fruits; protect against heart disease and diabetes by lowering
blood cholesterol and glucose levels
Insoluble Fibers - correct answer do not dissolve in water commonly found in whole
grains and vegetables; promote bowel movements, alleviate constipation, and
prevent diverticular disease
Insulin - correct answer hormone that decreases blood sugar; people with diabetes
don't produce enough
Glucagon - correct answer hormone that raises blood sugar levels; when glucose is
gone glucagon gets released
Diabetes - correct answer a chronic disorder resulting from unsufficient or ineffective
insulin
Lipo-proteins - correct answer special proteins in our bodies that transport lipids in
the blood; can't get from food
HDL lipo-protein - correct answer good; made by the liver and carries cholesterol
around and takes it from our bodies back to the liver to get rid of; lowers the risk of
heart disease
LDL lipo-proteins - correct answer bad; take cholesterol from liver and distributes it
around the body; causes plaque formation; high LDL associated with high risk of
heart attack
Dietary Strategies to lower blood cholesterol - correct answer lower saturated and
trans fats
Cholesterol - correct answer a sterol derived only from animal products
Omega-3 Fatty Acids - correct answer polyunsaturated fatty acids commonly found
in fish oils that are beneficial to cardiovascular health
Hemoglobin - correct answer protein nutrients - correct answer glucose from
carbohydrate; amino acids from protein; glycerol and 3 fatty acids (triglyceride) from
fat
Fat storage - correct answer stored when we consume more calories than we burn
Glycolysis - correct answer the metabolic breakdown of glucose to pyruvate; does
not require oxygen
