Nora Amammar 1ste Master Klinische Psychologie
Samenvatting Klinische biologische
psychologie
1 ste master Vrije Universiteit Brussel 2024-2025
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,Nora Amammar 1ste Master Klinische Psychologie
Inhoud
Les 1: Psychofysiologische regulatie & de huid als sociaal orgaan .............................................7
Inleiding ..............................................................................................................................7
1 Autonoom ZS (AZS of ANS) ................................................................................................7
2. Het belang van ANS in psychofysiologie ............................................................................8
2. De stressrespons?............................................................................................................9
3. Neuroviscerale integratie ................................................................................................ 11
4. En het CNS? ................................................................................................................... 11
5. The social brain .............................................................................................................. 12
5.1 Neuroviscerale integratie en social brain .................................................................... 14
6. Psychofysiologische regulatie ......................................................................................... 15
6.1 Meting/operationalisatie? = HRV (heart rhythm variability) .......................................... 15
6.2 RSA (Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia) ........................................................................... 16
7. ontwikkeling................................................................................................................... 19
7.1 Psychofysiologische regulatie = een vaardigheid die je moet leren .............................. 19
7.2 Psychofysiologische regulatie als transdiagnostische factor & interventie ...................... 21
8. integratie ....................................................................................................................... 23
8.1 Neuroviscerale integratie, social brain, regulatie ........................................................ 23
9. Belang touch in vroege ontwikkeling ................................................................................ 25
9.1 The skin not only senses, but feels (McGlone et al., 2014)........................................... 25
10. neurobiologie .............................................................................................................. 26
10.1 CT afferenten (McGlone et al., 2014; Walker & McGlone, 2013) ................................. 27
10.2 CNS effecten: ......................................................................................................... 28
10.3 Social Touch Hypothese: ......................................................................................... 30
10.4 Neuroviscerale integratie......................................................................................... 30
11. lange termijn mechanisme ........................................................................................... 31
11. 1 (ANS) Positieve impact van touch op stress reactiviteit ............................................ 31
12. korte termijn mechanisme ........................................................................................... 33
13. Klinische toepassingen: ................................................................................................ 34
Les 2: eetstoornissen............................................................................................................. 35
1. eetstoornissen ............................................................................................................... 35
1.1 Eetprobleem ............................................................................................................. 35
1.2 algemeen ................................................................................................................. 35
1.3 Type eetstoornissen .................................................................................................. 35
1.4 DSM-V: Anorexia nervosa .......................................................................................... 36
1.5 DSM-V: boulimia nervosa .......................................................................................... 37
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,Nora Amammar 1ste Master Klinische Psychologie
1.6 DSM-V: eetbuistoornis .............................................................................................. 37
1.7 differentiaaldiagnose ................................................................................................ 38
1.8 Prevalentie ............................................................................................................... 38
1.9 Onset ....................................................................................................................... 38
1.10 comorbiditeit .......................................................................................................... 39
1.11 Diagnosestelling ..................................................................................................... 39
1.12 transitie .................................................................................................................. 39
1.13 Prognose ................................................................................................................ 40
1.14 etiologie ................................................................................................................. 40
2. neurobiologische mechanismen ..................................................................................... 41
2.1 Genen ...................................................................................................................... 41
2.2 neurotransmitters ..................................................................................................... 42
2.3 Hormonen ................................................................................................................ 44
2.4 Emoties .................................................................................................................... 45
2.5 Executieve functies ................................................................................................... 46
3. Behandeling ................................................................................................................... 48
Les 3: Neurobiologie van Autisme en ADHD ............................................................................ 50
Overzicht ........................................................................................................................... 50
1. Genetica <-> Epigenetica <-> Pre- en postnatale ontwikkelingsinvloeden ......................... 50
1.1 Autisme .................................................................................................................... 50
1.2. ADHD ...................................................................................................................... 51
2. Neurobiologische ontwikkelingsprocessen ..................................................................... 53
2.1 Autisme .................................................................................................................... 53
3. Neurobiologische en biochemische processen (Neurotransmitters, hormonen, vitaminen,
enzymen, aminozuren, inflammatie…) ................................................................................ 56
3.1 Neurotransmitters en modulatoren ........................................................................... 56
3.2 Klinisch - Oxytocine en Autisme................................................................................. 57
3.3 1e Klinisch – Medicatie ............................................................................................... 58
3.3.2 Klinisch – Medicatie bij autisme? ............................................................................ 59
3.3.3 Klinisch – Biomedische behandelingen autisme? .................................................... 60
3. Structurele Een functionele beeldvorming .................................................................. 60
4.1 Structurele en functionele beeldvorming ................................................................... 62
5. Systeemneurowetenschappen, Structurele en functionele eigenschappen van
hersennetwerken en Dynamisch hersenfunctioneren .......................................................... 63
5.1 Saillantienetwerk ...................................................................................................... 63
5.2 Default Mode Network (DMN) .................................................................................... 63
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, Nora Amammar 1ste Master Klinische Psychologie
5.3 Centraal Executief Netwerk (CEN) ............................................................................. 64
5.4 Samenspel ............................................................................................................... 64
5.5 Voorspellend Brein.................................................................................................... 64
5.6 Klinisch – Neurostimulatie ......................................................................................... 65
6. Neuropsychologische verklaringsmodellen (vanaf geen leerstof)...................................... 66
6.1 Klinisch – EEG Neurofeedback? ................................................................................. 66
6.2 Klinisch – qEEG? ....................................................................................................... 66
6.3 Klinisch – Neurofeedback? ........................................................................................ 66
6.4 Altijd kritisch blijven! ................................................................................................. 67
6.5 Klinisch – Neurofeedback en qEEG? (geen leerstof) .................................................... 67
6.6 Neuropsychologische Verklaringsmodellen ............................................................... 68
Les 4: De ziekte van Parkinson & gerelateerde stoornissen ...................................................... 75
Overzicht ........................................................................................................................... 75
1. Hersengebieden en functies ........................................................................................... 75
1.1 Frontale kwab: (dys)functies ..................................................................................... 75
1.2 Pariëtale kwab: (dys)functies ..................................................................................... 76
1.3 Temporale kwab: (dys)functies .................................................................................. 76
1.4 Occipitale kwab: (dys)functies .................................................................................. 77
1.5 Hersenstam: (dys)functies ........................................................................................ 77
1.6 Cerebellum: (dys)functies ......................................................................................... 78
1.7 Basale Ganglia: (dys)functies .................................................................................... 78
1.8 Basale Ganglia: connecties met andere cereberale structuren ................................... 79
2. Parkinson’s disease ........................................................................................................ 79
2.1 Parkinson’s disease (PD) ........................................................................................... 79
2.2 Basale ganglia .......................................................................................................... 81
2.3 Het frontostriataal netwerk ........................................................................................ 82
2.4 Klinische manifestaties van PD .................................................................................. 83
2.5 Motorische symptomen – rigiditeit bij PD ................................................................... 84
2.6 Motorische symptomen – bradykinesie bij PD ............................................................ 84
2.7 Motorische symptomen – tremor bij PD ..................................................................... 85
2.8 Motorische symptomen – gangstoornissen bij PD ....................................................... 85
2.9 Motorische symptomen – freezing of gait (fog) bij PD .................................................. 85
2. 10 Klinische manifestaties bij PD ................................................................................. 86
2.11 Niet-motorische symptomen – depressie bij PD ....................................................... 87
2.12 Niet-motorische symptomen – apathie bij PD........................................................... 87
2.13 Niet-motorische symptomen – impulsieve & compulsieve gedragingen bij PD ........... 87
4
Samenvatting Klinische biologische
psychologie
1 ste master Vrije Universiteit Brussel 2024-2025
1
,Nora Amammar 1ste Master Klinische Psychologie
Inhoud
Les 1: Psychofysiologische regulatie & de huid als sociaal orgaan .............................................7
Inleiding ..............................................................................................................................7
1 Autonoom ZS (AZS of ANS) ................................................................................................7
2. Het belang van ANS in psychofysiologie ............................................................................8
2. De stressrespons?............................................................................................................9
3. Neuroviscerale integratie ................................................................................................ 11
4. En het CNS? ................................................................................................................... 11
5. The social brain .............................................................................................................. 12
5.1 Neuroviscerale integratie en social brain .................................................................... 14
6. Psychofysiologische regulatie ......................................................................................... 15
6.1 Meting/operationalisatie? = HRV (heart rhythm variability) .......................................... 15
6.2 RSA (Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia) ........................................................................... 16
7. ontwikkeling................................................................................................................... 19
7.1 Psychofysiologische regulatie = een vaardigheid die je moet leren .............................. 19
7.2 Psychofysiologische regulatie als transdiagnostische factor & interventie ...................... 21
8. integratie ....................................................................................................................... 23
8.1 Neuroviscerale integratie, social brain, regulatie ........................................................ 23
9. Belang touch in vroege ontwikkeling ................................................................................ 25
9.1 The skin not only senses, but feels (McGlone et al., 2014)........................................... 25
10. neurobiologie .............................................................................................................. 26
10.1 CT afferenten (McGlone et al., 2014; Walker & McGlone, 2013) ................................. 27
10.2 CNS effecten: ......................................................................................................... 28
10.3 Social Touch Hypothese: ......................................................................................... 30
10.4 Neuroviscerale integratie......................................................................................... 30
11. lange termijn mechanisme ........................................................................................... 31
11. 1 (ANS) Positieve impact van touch op stress reactiviteit ............................................ 31
12. korte termijn mechanisme ........................................................................................... 33
13. Klinische toepassingen: ................................................................................................ 34
Les 2: eetstoornissen............................................................................................................. 35
1. eetstoornissen ............................................................................................................... 35
1.1 Eetprobleem ............................................................................................................. 35
1.2 algemeen ................................................................................................................. 35
1.3 Type eetstoornissen .................................................................................................. 35
1.4 DSM-V: Anorexia nervosa .......................................................................................... 36
1.5 DSM-V: boulimia nervosa .......................................................................................... 37
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,Nora Amammar 1ste Master Klinische Psychologie
1.6 DSM-V: eetbuistoornis .............................................................................................. 37
1.7 differentiaaldiagnose ................................................................................................ 38
1.8 Prevalentie ............................................................................................................... 38
1.9 Onset ....................................................................................................................... 38
1.10 comorbiditeit .......................................................................................................... 39
1.11 Diagnosestelling ..................................................................................................... 39
1.12 transitie .................................................................................................................. 39
1.13 Prognose ................................................................................................................ 40
1.14 etiologie ................................................................................................................. 40
2. neurobiologische mechanismen ..................................................................................... 41
2.1 Genen ...................................................................................................................... 41
2.2 neurotransmitters ..................................................................................................... 42
2.3 Hormonen ................................................................................................................ 44
2.4 Emoties .................................................................................................................... 45
2.5 Executieve functies ................................................................................................... 46
3. Behandeling ................................................................................................................... 48
Les 3: Neurobiologie van Autisme en ADHD ............................................................................ 50
Overzicht ........................................................................................................................... 50
1. Genetica <-> Epigenetica <-> Pre- en postnatale ontwikkelingsinvloeden ......................... 50
1.1 Autisme .................................................................................................................... 50
1.2. ADHD ...................................................................................................................... 51
2. Neurobiologische ontwikkelingsprocessen ..................................................................... 53
2.1 Autisme .................................................................................................................... 53
3. Neurobiologische en biochemische processen (Neurotransmitters, hormonen, vitaminen,
enzymen, aminozuren, inflammatie…) ................................................................................ 56
3.1 Neurotransmitters en modulatoren ........................................................................... 56
3.2 Klinisch - Oxytocine en Autisme................................................................................. 57
3.3 1e Klinisch – Medicatie ............................................................................................... 58
3.3.2 Klinisch – Medicatie bij autisme? ............................................................................ 59
3.3.3 Klinisch – Biomedische behandelingen autisme? .................................................... 60
3. Structurele Een functionele beeldvorming .................................................................. 60
4.1 Structurele en functionele beeldvorming ................................................................... 62
5. Systeemneurowetenschappen, Structurele en functionele eigenschappen van
hersennetwerken en Dynamisch hersenfunctioneren .......................................................... 63
5.1 Saillantienetwerk ...................................................................................................... 63
5.2 Default Mode Network (DMN) .................................................................................... 63
3
, Nora Amammar 1ste Master Klinische Psychologie
5.3 Centraal Executief Netwerk (CEN) ............................................................................. 64
5.4 Samenspel ............................................................................................................... 64
5.5 Voorspellend Brein.................................................................................................... 64
5.6 Klinisch – Neurostimulatie ......................................................................................... 65
6. Neuropsychologische verklaringsmodellen (vanaf geen leerstof)...................................... 66
6.1 Klinisch – EEG Neurofeedback? ................................................................................. 66
6.2 Klinisch – qEEG? ....................................................................................................... 66
6.3 Klinisch – Neurofeedback? ........................................................................................ 66
6.4 Altijd kritisch blijven! ................................................................................................. 67
6.5 Klinisch – Neurofeedback en qEEG? (geen leerstof) .................................................... 67
6.6 Neuropsychologische Verklaringsmodellen ............................................................... 68
Les 4: De ziekte van Parkinson & gerelateerde stoornissen ...................................................... 75
Overzicht ........................................................................................................................... 75
1. Hersengebieden en functies ........................................................................................... 75
1.1 Frontale kwab: (dys)functies ..................................................................................... 75
1.2 Pariëtale kwab: (dys)functies ..................................................................................... 76
1.3 Temporale kwab: (dys)functies .................................................................................. 76
1.4 Occipitale kwab: (dys)functies .................................................................................. 77
1.5 Hersenstam: (dys)functies ........................................................................................ 77
1.6 Cerebellum: (dys)functies ......................................................................................... 78
1.7 Basale Ganglia: (dys)functies .................................................................................... 78
1.8 Basale Ganglia: connecties met andere cereberale structuren ................................... 79
2. Parkinson’s disease ........................................................................................................ 79
2.1 Parkinson’s disease (PD) ........................................................................................... 79
2.2 Basale ganglia .......................................................................................................... 81
2.3 Het frontostriataal netwerk ........................................................................................ 82
2.4 Klinische manifestaties van PD .................................................................................. 83
2.5 Motorische symptomen – rigiditeit bij PD ................................................................... 84
2.6 Motorische symptomen – bradykinesie bij PD ............................................................ 84
2.7 Motorische symptomen – tremor bij PD ..................................................................... 85
2.8 Motorische symptomen – gangstoornissen bij PD ....................................................... 85
2.9 Motorische symptomen – freezing of gait (fog) bij PD .................................................. 85
2. 10 Klinische manifestaties bij PD ................................................................................. 86
2.11 Niet-motorische symptomen – depressie bij PD ....................................................... 87
2.12 Niet-motorische symptomen – apathie bij PD........................................................... 87
2.13 Niet-motorische symptomen – impulsieve & compulsieve gedragingen bij PD ........... 87
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