HROB 2010 Final Exam Questions and
Answers55
What changes may lead to more women in leadership positions? - ANSWERS -1. Changes in
workplace norms and developmental opportunities for women
2. Greater gender equity in domestic responsibilities
3. Greater negotiation power of women, especially regarding the work-home balance
4. Effectiveness and predominance of women-owned businesses
5. Changes in the incongruity between women and leadership
What are the benefits of women in leadership positions? - ANSWERS -o A larger and more
demographically diverse pool of candidates for job positions.
o Promotes a richly diverse group of women into leadership roles
o More ethical, productive, innovative and financially successful organizations
o Developing a more androgynous conception of leadership will enhance leadership
effectiveness by giving people the opportunity to engage in the best leadership
practices
o Research on gender and leadership has now dispelled many myths about the gender
,gap and barriers
o Combats inequity
What is the trait approach to leadership? - ANSWERS -Used to believe that all great leaders
shared traits
Later challenged that leadership was depending on the situations (although personal factors
had some influence)
Now again focuses on the role of traits in effective leadership
What did Stodgil's 1st study reveal about leadership traits? - ANSWERS -The average leader is
different than the average group member in: intelligence, alertness, insight, responsibility,
initiative, persistence, self-confidence, and sociability
Leadership comes as a result of the leader having a working relationship with the other group
members
What did Stodgil's 2nd study reveal about leadership traits? - ANSWERS -more trait focused
Traits positively associated with leadership:
Drive for responsibility and task completion
Vigor and persistence
Risk taking and originality in problem solving
Drive to exercise initiative in social situations
,Self-confidence and personal identity
Willingness to accept consequences of decision and action
Readiness to absorb interpersonal stress
Willingness to tolerate frustration and delat
Ability to influence others behaviours
Capacity to structure social interaction systems to the purpose at hand
What were Manns findings about leadership traits? - ANSWERS -Leaders are strong in:
intelligence, masculinity, dominance, extraversion, and conservatism
After these findings were reassessed it was found that masculinity, intelligence, and dominance
were more related to how people perceived leaders
What was Locke's research on leadership traits? - ANSWERS -Leaders differ from non-leaders on
6 dimensions: drive, motivation, integrity, confidence, cognitive ability, and task knowledge
Individuals can be born with these traits or learn them
What was Zaccaro's research on leadership traits? - ANSWERS -Leaders must have a certain level
of social intelligence to be successful
, Which leadership traits are consistent across studies? - ANSWERS -Intelligence
- Leaders are typically more intelligent than their followers
- But leaders whose intelligence is too high above their followers may have difficulties
communicating to them
- It is best for leaders' IQ to be one standard deviation above their followers
Self-Confidence
- Self-confidence allows the leader to feel as though their attempts to influence others will be
successful
Determination
- Ability to assert themselves, be proactive, and preservers in the face of obstacles
Integrity
- Integrity makes a leader believable and worthy of trust
Sociability
- Have good interpersonal skills and have cooperative relationships with their followers
What big 5 personality factors are related to leadership? - ANSWERS -Extraversion is most
strongly related to leadership
- Followed by: conscientiousness, openness, and low neuroticism
Agreeableness weakly associated with leadership
Do leaders have more abilities and strengths than others? - ANSWERS -Everyone has their own
abilities and strengths but leaders are able to recognize and capitalize on their strength and the
strengths of their followers
Answers55
What changes may lead to more women in leadership positions? - ANSWERS -1. Changes in
workplace norms and developmental opportunities for women
2. Greater gender equity in domestic responsibilities
3. Greater negotiation power of women, especially regarding the work-home balance
4. Effectiveness and predominance of women-owned businesses
5. Changes in the incongruity between women and leadership
What are the benefits of women in leadership positions? - ANSWERS -o A larger and more
demographically diverse pool of candidates for job positions.
o Promotes a richly diverse group of women into leadership roles
o More ethical, productive, innovative and financially successful organizations
o Developing a more androgynous conception of leadership will enhance leadership
effectiveness by giving people the opportunity to engage in the best leadership
practices
o Research on gender and leadership has now dispelled many myths about the gender
,gap and barriers
o Combats inequity
What is the trait approach to leadership? - ANSWERS -Used to believe that all great leaders
shared traits
Later challenged that leadership was depending on the situations (although personal factors
had some influence)
Now again focuses on the role of traits in effective leadership
What did Stodgil's 1st study reveal about leadership traits? - ANSWERS -The average leader is
different than the average group member in: intelligence, alertness, insight, responsibility,
initiative, persistence, self-confidence, and sociability
Leadership comes as a result of the leader having a working relationship with the other group
members
What did Stodgil's 2nd study reveal about leadership traits? - ANSWERS -more trait focused
Traits positively associated with leadership:
Drive for responsibility and task completion
Vigor and persistence
Risk taking and originality in problem solving
Drive to exercise initiative in social situations
,Self-confidence and personal identity
Willingness to accept consequences of decision and action
Readiness to absorb interpersonal stress
Willingness to tolerate frustration and delat
Ability to influence others behaviours
Capacity to structure social interaction systems to the purpose at hand
What were Manns findings about leadership traits? - ANSWERS -Leaders are strong in:
intelligence, masculinity, dominance, extraversion, and conservatism
After these findings were reassessed it was found that masculinity, intelligence, and dominance
were more related to how people perceived leaders
What was Locke's research on leadership traits? - ANSWERS -Leaders differ from non-leaders on
6 dimensions: drive, motivation, integrity, confidence, cognitive ability, and task knowledge
Individuals can be born with these traits or learn them
What was Zaccaro's research on leadership traits? - ANSWERS -Leaders must have a certain level
of social intelligence to be successful
, Which leadership traits are consistent across studies? - ANSWERS -Intelligence
- Leaders are typically more intelligent than their followers
- But leaders whose intelligence is too high above their followers may have difficulties
communicating to them
- It is best for leaders' IQ to be one standard deviation above their followers
Self-Confidence
- Self-confidence allows the leader to feel as though their attempts to influence others will be
successful
Determination
- Ability to assert themselves, be proactive, and preservers in the face of obstacles
Integrity
- Integrity makes a leader believable and worthy of trust
Sociability
- Have good interpersonal skills and have cooperative relationships with their followers
What big 5 personality factors are related to leadership? - ANSWERS -Extraversion is most
strongly related to leadership
- Followed by: conscientiousness, openness, and low neuroticism
Agreeableness weakly associated with leadership
Do leaders have more abilities and strengths than others? - ANSWERS -Everyone has their own
abilities and strengths but leaders are able to recognize and capitalize on their strength and the
strengths of their followers
