NURS 611 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2
NEWEST UPDATE ALREADY A+
Diabetes Insuipidus (DI)
Patho
Causes
S/S
Treatment - correct answer ✔✔*DECREASED secretion of ADH,
diluted and excessive urine output, (concentrated -> Hypernatremia, INC plasma osmalality),
CAUSES- ** Nephrogenic - problems with the kidneys- Genetic (Vasopressin & Aquaphorin
genes),
diseases- amyloidosis & pylenephritis
Drug- lithium carbonate (can damage kidney tubules)
** Neurogenic - lesions or trauma to hypothalamus, posterior pituitary, TBI complications
Pregnancy- body produces vasopressinase which causes ADH to break down (decrease)
S/S- polydispisa (extreme thirst), Inc Urine output (Polyuria) diluted, hypotension,
Treatment- If tolerable, Drink alot of water to correct the problem
SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone)
Causes
S/S
,Treatment - correct answer ✔✔*Over secretion of ADH, Kidneys retain water causing
hypervolemia (dilute sodium- hyponatremia)
CAUSES- cancers, lung cancer, duodenum, etc
Infection in lungs or CNS -> pneumonia, meningitis,
AVP gene mutation, any surgerys
medication- Chlopropamide (oral antidiabetic)
S/S- THIRSTY, DEC urine (very concentrated) , anoerxia, (not hungry/uncomfortable) fluid
overload, dyspnea fatigue vomiting,
hyponatremia, confusion, seizures
Treatment - Treat hyponatremia
Antidiuretic Hormone
Where is it produced?
Where is it stored/secreted?
Normal function - correct answer ✔✔Produced by the hypothalamus
secreted and stored by the posterior pituitary
regulates the amount of water in the body
(can also constrict blood vessels and also called vasopressin)
Hypopituitarism - correct answer ✔✔(Disease of the anterior pituitary)
Cause- ischemia/infarction, edema, adenoma, aneyursm of the pituitary - pituitary enlarges due
to edema which causes more damage (pituitary is in an enclosed space) -> Tiusse damage,
decreased blood supply, fibrosis
, Dec in all pituitary hormones- (Panhypopituitarism)
ACTH - Adrenocorticotropic
TSH- thyroid stimulating hormone
FSH & LH follicle stimulating & Lutenizing
GH- Growth hormone
Oxytocin Toxicity / Oxytocin Insufficiency - correct answer ✔✔Disease of posterior pituitary
Hyper secretion- Toxicity
Hypo secretion- Insufficiency
ACTH Deficiency (Hypopituitarism)
Adrenocorticotropic deficiency - correct answer ✔✔N/V, weakness, lack of energy
HYPOGLYCEMIA, hypocortisol, low urine
due to hypocortisol insulin sensitivity is increased due to less glycogen stores/ less glucogensis
Can be life threatening
Low aldosterone (RAAS can help)
Low urine output
TSH Deficiency (hypopituitarism)
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Deficiency - correct answer ✔✔Same as hypothyroidism
Cold intolerance, Myxedema (wax appearance of swelled skin), Slowed metabolic rate (inc
weight gain?),
contipation, dry skin, fatigue
FSH & LH deficiency (Hypopituitarism)
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2
NEWEST UPDATE ALREADY A+
Diabetes Insuipidus (DI)
Patho
Causes
S/S
Treatment - correct answer ✔✔*DECREASED secretion of ADH,
diluted and excessive urine output, (concentrated -> Hypernatremia, INC plasma osmalality),
CAUSES- ** Nephrogenic - problems with the kidneys- Genetic (Vasopressin & Aquaphorin
genes),
diseases- amyloidosis & pylenephritis
Drug- lithium carbonate (can damage kidney tubules)
** Neurogenic - lesions or trauma to hypothalamus, posterior pituitary, TBI complications
Pregnancy- body produces vasopressinase which causes ADH to break down (decrease)
S/S- polydispisa (extreme thirst), Inc Urine output (Polyuria) diluted, hypotension,
Treatment- If tolerable, Drink alot of water to correct the problem
SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone)
Causes
S/S
,Treatment - correct answer ✔✔*Over secretion of ADH, Kidneys retain water causing
hypervolemia (dilute sodium- hyponatremia)
CAUSES- cancers, lung cancer, duodenum, etc
Infection in lungs or CNS -> pneumonia, meningitis,
AVP gene mutation, any surgerys
medication- Chlopropamide (oral antidiabetic)
S/S- THIRSTY, DEC urine (very concentrated) , anoerxia, (not hungry/uncomfortable) fluid
overload, dyspnea fatigue vomiting,
hyponatremia, confusion, seizures
Treatment - Treat hyponatremia
Antidiuretic Hormone
Where is it produced?
Where is it stored/secreted?
Normal function - correct answer ✔✔Produced by the hypothalamus
secreted and stored by the posterior pituitary
regulates the amount of water in the body
(can also constrict blood vessels and also called vasopressin)
Hypopituitarism - correct answer ✔✔(Disease of the anterior pituitary)
Cause- ischemia/infarction, edema, adenoma, aneyursm of the pituitary - pituitary enlarges due
to edema which causes more damage (pituitary is in an enclosed space) -> Tiusse damage,
decreased blood supply, fibrosis
, Dec in all pituitary hormones- (Panhypopituitarism)
ACTH - Adrenocorticotropic
TSH- thyroid stimulating hormone
FSH & LH follicle stimulating & Lutenizing
GH- Growth hormone
Oxytocin Toxicity / Oxytocin Insufficiency - correct answer ✔✔Disease of posterior pituitary
Hyper secretion- Toxicity
Hypo secretion- Insufficiency
ACTH Deficiency (Hypopituitarism)
Adrenocorticotropic deficiency - correct answer ✔✔N/V, weakness, lack of energy
HYPOGLYCEMIA, hypocortisol, low urine
due to hypocortisol insulin sensitivity is increased due to less glycogen stores/ less glucogensis
Can be life threatening
Low aldosterone (RAAS can help)
Low urine output
TSH Deficiency (hypopituitarism)
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Deficiency - correct answer ✔✔Same as hypothyroidism
Cold intolerance, Myxedema (wax appearance of swelled skin), Slowed metabolic rate (inc
weight gain?),
contipation, dry skin, fatigue
FSH & LH deficiency (Hypopituitarism)
