Maternity and Pediatric Nursing
5th Edition
• Author(s)Susan Scott Ricci; Terri Kyle; Susan Carman
• PublisherPublished by Wolters Kluwer Health Copyright©
2025
• Print ISBN: 9781975220419
TEST BANK
Chapter 1: The History of Maternal and
Newborn Health and Health Care
A nursing student is researching the historical impact of
infectious disease on maternal mortality. Which medical
pioneer's discovery most directly reduced the incidence of
puerperal fever by identifying the link to unwashed hands?
A. Lillian Wald
B. Karl Credé
C. Ignaz Semmelweis
D. The creators of the Sheppard-Towner Act
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ignaz Semmelweis discovered that puerperal fever
was being transmitted to birthing mothers via the unwashed
hands of physicians and medical students . Lillian Wald
,advocated for the establishment of the Children's Bureau. Karl
Credé introduced the use of silver nitrate for newborn eye
prophylaxis. The Sheppard-Towner Act provided funding for
child health initiatives.
Teaching Point: Semmelweis's work established the foundation
for infection control through hand hygiene.
2. Chapter 1, The History of Child Health and Child Health Care
The creation of the Children's Bureau in 1912 was a pivotal
event in child health. Which nursing pioneer was a key advocate
for its establishment?
A. Terri Kyle
B. Lillian Wald
C. Nancy Hatfield
D. Ignaz Semmelweis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lillian Wald was instrumental in advocating for the
establishment of the federal Children's Bureau . While Terri Kyle
is a co-author of the textbook and Nancy Hatfield authored a
different nursing textbook, they are not historical figures in this
context. Ignaz Semmelweis worked on puerperal fever
prevention.
Teaching Point: Lillian Wald's advocacy highlighted the role of
public health nursing in shaping national policy for children.
3. Chapter 1, Evolution of Maternal and Newborn Nursing
What was a significant outcome of the research conducted by
the Children's Bureau in the 1930s that improved the health of
,school-aged children?
A. The development of the Head Start program
B. The initiation of hot lunch programs in schools
C. The mandate for silver nitrate eye prophylaxis
D. The legal definition of the LPN/LVN scope of practice
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Research by the Children's Bureau in the 1930s led
to the establishment of hot lunch programs in many schools to
address child nutrition . The Head Start program was
implemented later, in the 1960s. Silver nitrate prophylaxis was
introduced by Karl Credé in the 19th century. The scope of
practice is defined by state boards of nursing.
Teaching Point: Early public health research directly linked
socioeconomic factors to child health outcomes.
4. Chapter 1, Evolution of Pediatric Nursing
Which government program, implemented to increase the
educational exposure of preschool children from low-income
families, represents a major health promotion initiative?
A. Sheppard-Towner Act
B. Head Start
C. Children's Bureau
D. Clinical pathways
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Head Start program was created to provide
comprehensive educational, health, and social services to
preschool children and their low-income families . The
Sheppard-Towner Act and Children's Bureau focused on
, broader maternal and child welfare. Clinical pathways are tools
for standardizing patient care.
Teaching Point: Head Start is a prime example of a multi-
faceted approach to health promotion through early education.
5. Chapter 1, Historical Development
A nurse is teaching a class about the evolution of maternity
care. Which 20th-century development would the nurse
highlight as shifting childbirth from a medicalized event to a
more family-focused experience?
A. Epidemics of puerperal fever
B. Performance of the first cesarean birth
C. Development of the x-ray to assess pelvic size
D. Creation of free-standing birth centers
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The creation of free-standing birth centers in the
20th century offered an alternative to hospital births,
supporting a more natural, family-centered experience .
Options A, B, and C are related to the medical management of
childbirth.
Teaching Point: Birth centers exemplify the shift toward viewing
childbirth as a normal, healthy life event.
6. Chapter 1, Evolution of Pediatric Nursing
What was the primary recommendation made by Karl Credé in
1884 that had a significant impact on newborn care?
A. Instituting handwashing protocols for obstetric providers
B. Placing silver nitrate in the eyes of newborns to prevent
5th Edition
• Author(s)Susan Scott Ricci; Terri Kyle; Susan Carman
• PublisherPublished by Wolters Kluwer Health Copyright©
2025
• Print ISBN: 9781975220419
TEST BANK
Chapter 1: The History of Maternal and
Newborn Health and Health Care
A nursing student is researching the historical impact of
infectious disease on maternal mortality. Which medical
pioneer's discovery most directly reduced the incidence of
puerperal fever by identifying the link to unwashed hands?
A. Lillian Wald
B. Karl Credé
C. Ignaz Semmelweis
D. The creators of the Sheppard-Towner Act
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ignaz Semmelweis discovered that puerperal fever
was being transmitted to birthing mothers via the unwashed
hands of physicians and medical students . Lillian Wald
,advocated for the establishment of the Children's Bureau. Karl
Credé introduced the use of silver nitrate for newborn eye
prophylaxis. The Sheppard-Towner Act provided funding for
child health initiatives.
Teaching Point: Semmelweis's work established the foundation
for infection control through hand hygiene.
2. Chapter 1, The History of Child Health and Child Health Care
The creation of the Children's Bureau in 1912 was a pivotal
event in child health. Which nursing pioneer was a key advocate
for its establishment?
A. Terri Kyle
B. Lillian Wald
C. Nancy Hatfield
D. Ignaz Semmelweis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lillian Wald was instrumental in advocating for the
establishment of the federal Children's Bureau . While Terri Kyle
is a co-author of the textbook and Nancy Hatfield authored a
different nursing textbook, they are not historical figures in this
context. Ignaz Semmelweis worked on puerperal fever
prevention.
Teaching Point: Lillian Wald's advocacy highlighted the role of
public health nursing in shaping national policy for children.
3. Chapter 1, Evolution of Maternal and Newborn Nursing
What was a significant outcome of the research conducted by
the Children's Bureau in the 1930s that improved the health of
,school-aged children?
A. The development of the Head Start program
B. The initiation of hot lunch programs in schools
C. The mandate for silver nitrate eye prophylaxis
D. The legal definition of the LPN/LVN scope of practice
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Research by the Children's Bureau in the 1930s led
to the establishment of hot lunch programs in many schools to
address child nutrition . The Head Start program was
implemented later, in the 1960s. Silver nitrate prophylaxis was
introduced by Karl Credé in the 19th century. The scope of
practice is defined by state boards of nursing.
Teaching Point: Early public health research directly linked
socioeconomic factors to child health outcomes.
4. Chapter 1, Evolution of Pediatric Nursing
Which government program, implemented to increase the
educational exposure of preschool children from low-income
families, represents a major health promotion initiative?
A. Sheppard-Towner Act
B. Head Start
C. Children's Bureau
D. Clinical pathways
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Head Start program was created to provide
comprehensive educational, health, and social services to
preschool children and their low-income families . The
Sheppard-Towner Act and Children's Bureau focused on
, broader maternal and child welfare. Clinical pathways are tools
for standardizing patient care.
Teaching Point: Head Start is a prime example of a multi-
faceted approach to health promotion through early education.
5. Chapter 1, Historical Development
A nurse is teaching a class about the evolution of maternity
care. Which 20th-century development would the nurse
highlight as shifting childbirth from a medicalized event to a
more family-focused experience?
A. Epidemics of puerperal fever
B. Performance of the first cesarean birth
C. Development of the x-ray to assess pelvic size
D. Creation of free-standing birth centers
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The creation of free-standing birth centers in the
20th century offered an alternative to hospital births,
supporting a more natural, family-centered experience .
Options A, B, and C are related to the medical management of
childbirth.
Teaching Point: Birth centers exemplify the shift toward viewing
childbirth as a normal, healthy life event.
6. Chapter 1, Evolution of Pediatric Nursing
What was the primary recommendation made by Karl Credé in
1884 that had a significant impact on newborn care?
A. Instituting handwashing protocols for obstetric providers
B. Placing silver nitrate in the eyes of newborns to prevent
