HOSA Unit 1 Review Exam Questions With 100% Verified Answers.

Biotech draws on..... - correct answers It draws on knowledge and techniques from many of the biological sciences, such as genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, cell biology, and microbiology. Biotechnology also draws on many nonbiological fields of study, such as - correct answers engineering, chemistry, physics, and information technology. Biotechnology incorporates a set of tools and techniques to help solve a multitude of problems. These tools can be - correct answers biological, chemical, instrumentation, or software. The process of manipulating genes is called - correct answers genetic engineering chromatography resins - correct answers bind proteins based on particular properties of the proteins. This allows them to be purified from other cellular components. Applied research tools include... - correct answers cell culture and cell expression techniques to understand how cells function, grow, divide, and die. Researchers also use recombinant DNA technique to discover... - correct answershow genes and proteins function The disciplines using the systems biology approach have been termed - correct answers"-omics" Microbiomics - correct answersinvestigates the microbiome, all microorganisms living in a place at the same time. Each of these -omics generates vast amounts of data, and one of the major challenges of the 21st century is - correct answersfinding ways to sort and analyze these data. Bioinformaticians - correct answersfind ways to gather, store, sort, and analyze data. They use the data to make computer models to predict cellular and organismal behavior. What make up the largest segment of the biotechnology industry? - correct answersHealthcare-related products Currently, the biotechnology companies that generate the most revenue are those that develop - correct answersbiopharmaceuticals, medical devices, and diagnostic tools and tests From start to finish, drug development can take - correct answers10-15 years From start to finish, drug development can cost - correct answersover $2.5 billion for each approved drug Drug Discovery often involves first identifying - correct answersa target that has a role in causing or affecting the development of a disease or its symptoms. To minimize the risk of spending years and millions of dollars pursuing a drug that won't work - correct answersscientists first work to confirm the role of the target in the disease process. Once a target has been identified - correct answersmany biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies use automated high-throughput tools and techniques to screen thousands of drug-candidate molecules Once a lead candidate has been identified - correct answersit goes through extensive testing and development through chemical engineering They also use various techniques to determine - correct answerswhether the drug candidate is likely to cause dangerous side effects Finally, lead candidates are tested in humans for - correct answerssafety and efficacy in a series of clinical trials. Most biological drugs are... - correct answersbiopharmecuticals Biopharmaceuticals, are - correct answersproteins that are larger and more complex than traditional small-molecule drugs. They are expensive. Bacterial cells do not produce ____, and they can be _______ - correct answersa lot of protein; expensive Bioreactors - correct answerslarge production tanks to grow stuff Producing any drug requires - correct answersinvolves quality control activities Why does producing any drug require that? - correct answersThis ensures that both the drug and production process meet the specifications that were reviewed and approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for safety and effectiveness. A new era of personalized medicine - correct answerspharmacogenomics (pharmaceuticals based on genomics), is revolutionizing healthcare. biotechnological advancements will enable patients - correct answersto submit tissue samples and receive a treatment regimen designed specifically for them. One of the first pharmacogenomics - correct answersHerceptin Why is it a pharmacogenomic? - correct answersHerceptin works only in cancers that have a mutation in a specific gene, HER2. What is another type of pharmacogenomic (personalized medicine) - correct answersImmunotherapy. It uses parts of a person's immune system to fight diseases such as cancer. What is chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy? - correct answersinvolves collecting and using a patient's own immune cells to treat their cancer. The patient's T-cells are engineered to recognize and target specific types of cancers. When was two CAR T-cell therapies were approved by the FDA, one for children with acute lymphoblastic le ukemia (ALL), and the other for adults with advanced lymphomas? - correct answers2017 research is being conducted - correct answersto explore using animals to produce organs for transplant into humans. Microbiological techniques can be used to - correct answersidentify the cause of an infection, and this allows the appropriate therapy to be prescribed. But traditional diagnosis of microbial infections takes - correct answersdays or even weeks since bacteria need to be cultured before they can be identified Biotechnology has helped - correct answersto speed up diagnoses specialized microbial media have been developed - correct answersto identify disease-causing bacteria quickly. Many of these traits are being "stacked" on top of one another by interbreeding plants to - correct answersproduce varieties with multiple genetically engineered properties. recombinant bovine somatotropin (rBST; trade name Posilac) - correct answersInjecting this in cows could increase their milk growth antibiotic-resistant bacteria are now - correct answersa major healthcare concern The use of subtherapeutic doses in animal feed or water to promote growth and improve feed efficiency has been banned in Europe since - correct answers2006 the Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act bill was introduced by U.S in - correct answersIn 2007 and 2009 What did the act bill propose? - correct answersto phase out nontherapeutic use of antibiotics in animal feed. When was the use of sub therapeutic drug banned? - correct answers January 1, 2017 In ___________, controversy surrounded the FDA when it was deciding whether genetically engineered salmon could be sold to U.S. consumers? - correct answers2010 Biotechnology was first used in the - correct answers food industry Scientists at the biotechnology company Pfizer isolated the calf chymosin gene and inserted it into - correct answers E. coli When did the FDA approve putting the calf chymosin gene into smth? - correct answers1990 This genetically engineered chymosin has - correct answers higher purity than animal rennet and produces more consistent cheese with less waste than an equivalent amount of crude calf stomach extract. Petrochemical - correct answers are used to manufacture plastics, and plastic waste creates an environmental problem because plastics do not degrade. Bioethanol - correct answers is one type of fuel, and it can be produced by alcoholic fermentation of the sugars stored within plants and algae using microbes like yeast. Biodiesel - correct answers another biofuel produced from vegetable oils. As part of the Energy Independence and Security Act - correct answers the U.S. government dedicated billions of dollars to biofuel development. Many government laboratories are trying to find - correct answers natural enzymes and to genetically engineer enzymes that can make a cost-effective biofuel Oxidizing sulfur compounds and iron are being used to leach minerals such as copper from mine waste piles (tailings) or low-grade ore in a process called - correct answersBioprocessing Biosensors - correct answersbiotechnological instruments that convert the action of a biological molecule or organism into an electrical signal Biosensors have been developed that use antibodies, enzymes, and PCR to - correct answersdetect pollutants in the air, soil, and wate Bacteria were first used to treat sewage in the early part - correct answersof the 20th century The first patent issued for any organism was for an - correct answersoil-eating bacterium (Pseudomonas putida) that could be used to help clean up oil spills. Deinococcus radiodurans - correct answersas been genetically engineered for bioremediation of solvents and heavy metals in a radioactive environment. . In conservation biology, it is important to understand - correct answersas much as possible about the population being studied. The genetic variability map can be used - correct answersby law enforcement officials to catch poachers and to protect the populations of elephants in greatest need DNA barcoding goal - correct answersmaking species identification as easy as scanning items in a supermarket. DNA barcoding helps - correct answersresearchers identify new species, provides an easy way to look at genetic diversity in any geographical location, and helps taxonomists understand relationships among species.