Burns’ Pediatric Primary Care 2025
How long is exclusive BF recommended? - correct answer -first 6 mos
How quickly should BF be initiated? - correct answer -within 30 mins of birth
There are many illnesses that are less likely to occur if babe is breastfed, what are these? - correct
answer -gastro, NEC, AOM, LRTIs, asthma, atopy, DM, SIDS, leukemia
Benefits to mother from BF: - correct answer -rapid return to non-preg state, strong bond, decreased
br/ovarian Ca, decreased metabolic syndrome, NIDDM, and PPD
Contraindications of BF - correct answer -galactosemia, T-cell lymphotrophic virus, TB, Ca or Ca tmt,
HIV, nipple herpes
What is in colostrum - correct answer -immunoglobulins/antibodies
Colostrum higher or lower fat than milk? - correct answer -lower
Colostrum facilitates the passage of? - correct answer -meconium
What is breastmilk low in? - correct answer -vit D, iron
At what point in pregnancy is a woman capable of milk production? - correct answer -20 wks
What hormone triggers letdown reflex? - correct answer -oxytocin
What is mammogenesis? - correct answer -growth and development of the mammary gland in
preparation for milk production
,Burns’ Pediatric Primary Care 2025
Frequency of feedings of newborn? - correct answer -8-12 after first 24 hrs
Duration of feedings of newborn? - correct answer -20-45 mins after first 24 hrs
How long is breastmilk good for in fridge? - correct answer -8 days
How long if breastmilk good for in cooler? - correct answer -24 hrs
How long is breastmilk good for in freezer? - correct answer -3 mos
Recommendations for breastfeeding toddlers? - correct answer -after meal, not on demand, if tandem
feed infant first, brush teeth after, tell dentist breastfeeding
Infant wt loss after birth - correct answer -5-8% of body wt normal
neonate daily average wt gain - correct answer -0.5-1 ounce (14-28g)
How long until a babe should be at birth wt? - correct answer -3 wks
At what age should birth wt be doubled? - correct answer -5-6 months
At what age should birth wt be tripled? - correct answer -1 yr
First few days, a neonate should void? - correct answer -1-3 times
By day 4 the neonate should void? - correct answer -4-6
Regular urine output of neonate is? - correct answer -4-6 times per day
,Burns’ Pediatric Primary Care 2025
Epigastric pain can be from issues in which areas/organs: - correct answer -Liver, biliary tree, pancreas,
stomach, and duodenum
Periumbilical pain can be caused by issues in which areas/organs: - correct answer -distal end of the
small intestine, cecum, appendix, and ascending colon
Colonic pain is caused by issues in which area - correct answer -Lower abdomin
Suprapubic pain is caused by issues in which organs/area? - correct answer -distal intestine, urinary
tract, pelvic organs,
Common Diagnositc studies for abdominal pain/issues - correct answer -UA & culture, CBC w/diff,
CMP,BMP, ESR,CRP, Thyroid Panel
Stool= O&P, culture, WBC, pH, reducing substances, fat collection
Pregnancy tests, Urine for gonorrhea, chlamydia and Pap smear/Vaginal cultures
Common diagnostic studies for GI issues - correct answer -XR, US, CT, MRI, nuclear medicine
Specialized tests that can be ordered - correct answer -Duodenal Aspirate, Esophageal pH probe,
Capsule endoscopy, breath hydrogen test, and sweat chloride test
Indications for Duodenal Aspirate - correct answer -diarrhea from things like giardia, unintentional
weight loss, dyspepsia(reflux/GERD), and abdominal pain
A hydrogen breath test can help diagnose: - correct answer -IBS, Intestinal Methanogen overgrowth,
rapid small bowel transit time, and possibly esophageal and gastric cancer in early stages.
Sweat chloride test is used to diagnose: - correct answer -Cystic Fibrosis. This is usually done when a
patient is having digestive problems, & FTT along with history of respiratory issues.
Most common reasons for the use of Probiotics - correct answer -IBS, Infectious diarrhea, antibiotic
associated diarrhea, and colic
, Burns’ Pediatric Primary Care 2025
What is Colic? - correct answer -Crying for no apparent reason that lasts > 3 hrs/day and occurs > 3
days/wk in otherwise healthy infant <3months
Potential causes of vomiting in Newborn or young infants - correct answer -infectious process,
congenital GI anomaly, CNS abnormality, or newborn errors of metabolism
Potential causes of vomiting in Infants or young children - correct answer -Gastroenteritis, GERD,
milk/soy protien allergies, pyloric stenosis or obstructive lesion, inborn errors of metabolism,
intussusception, child abuse, &intracranial mass
Potential causes of vomiting in older children and adolescents - correct answer -Gastroenteritis,
systemic illness, CNS (cyclic vomiting syndrome, abdominal migraine, meningitis, brain tumor),
intussusception, rumination, superior mesenteric artery syndrome, pregnancy
_________ is one of the most common symptoms in childhood. - correct answer -vomiting
Non-bilious vomiting is generally caused by: - correct answer -infection, inflammation, and metabolic,
neurologic, or psychological problems.
An ------- -------- generally causes causes bilious vomiting. - correct answer -obstructive lesion
Bloody vomit comes from: - correct answer -active bleeding in the upper GI tract (gastritis, peptic ulcer
disease)
Rumination Syndrome - correct answer -a condition in which people repeatedly and unintentionally spit
up (regurgitate) undigested or partially digested food from the stomach, rechew it, and then either
reswallow it or spit it out. Usually seen in infants under 1 year of age.
What is superior mesenteric artery syndrome? - correct answer -a digestive condition that occurs when
the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine) is compressed between two arteries (the aorta and
the superior mesenteric artery). This compression causes partial or complete blockage of the
duodenum.
How long is exclusive BF recommended? - correct answer -first 6 mos
How quickly should BF be initiated? - correct answer -within 30 mins of birth
There are many illnesses that are less likely to occur if babe is breastfed, what are these? - correct
answer -gastro, NEC, AOM, LRTIs, asthma, atopy, DM, SIDS, leukemia
Benefits to mother from BF: - correct answer -rapid return to non-preg state, strong bond, decreased
br/ovarian Ca, decreased metabolic syndrome, NIDDM, and PPD
Contraindications of BF - correct answer -galactosemia, T-cell lymphotrophic virus, TB, Ca or Ca tmt,
HIV, nipple herpes
What is in colostrum - correct answer -immunoglobulins/antibodies
Colostrum higher or lower fat than milk? - correct answer -lower
Colostrum facilitates the passage of? - correct answer -meconium
What is breastmilk low in? - correct answer -vit D, iron
At what point in pregnancy is a woman capable of milk production? - correct answer -20 wks
What hormone triggers letdown reflex? - correct answer -oxytocin
What is mammogenesis? - correct answer -growth and development of the mammary gland in
preparation for milk production
,Burns’ Pediatric Primary Care 2025
Frequency of feedings of newborn? - correct answer -8-12 after first 24 hrs
Duration of feedings of newborn? - correct answer -20-45 mins after first 24 hrs
How long is breastmilk good for in fridge? - correct answer -8 days
How long if breastmilk good for in cooler? - correct answer -24 hrs
How long is breastmilk good for in freezer? - correct answer -3 mos
Recommendations for breastfeeding toddlers? - correct answer -after meal, not on demand, if tandem
feed infant first, brush teeth after, tell dentist breastfeeding
Infant wt loss after birth - correct answer -5-8% of body wt normal
neonate daily average wt gain - correct answer -0.5-1 ounce (14-28g)
How long until a babe should be at birth wt? - correct answer -3 wks
At what age should birth wt be doubled? - correct answer -5-6 months
At what age should birth wt be tripled? - correct answer -1 yr
First few days, a neonate should void? - correct answer -1-3 times
By day 4 the neonate should void? - correct answer -4-6
Regular urine output of neonate is? - correct answer -4-6 times per day
,Burns’ Pediatric Primary Care 2025
Epigastric pain can be from issues in which areas/organs: - correct answer -Liver, biliary tree, pancreas,
stomach, and duodenum
Periumbilical pain can be caused by issues in which areas/organs: - correct answer -distal end of the
small intestine, cecum, appendix, and ascending colon
Colonic pain is caused by issues in which area - correct answer -Lower abdomin
Suprapubic pain is caused by issues in which organs/area? - correct answer -distal intestine, urinary
tract, pelvic organs,
Common Diagnositc studies for abdominal pain/issues - correct answer -UA & culture, CBC w/diff,
CMP,BMP, ESR,CRP, Thyroid Panel
Stool= O&P, culture, WBC, pH, reducing substances, fat collection
Pregnancy tests, Urine for gonorrhea, chlamydia and Pap smear/Vaginal cultures
Common diagnostic studies for GI issues - correct answer -XR, US, CT, MRI, nuclear medicine
Specialized tests that can be ordered - correct answer -Duodenal Aspirate, Esophageal pH probe,
Capsule endoscopy, breath hydrogen test, and sweat chloride test
Indications for Duodenal Aspirate - correct answer -diarrhea from things like giardia, unintentional
weight loss, dyspepsia(reflux/GERD), and abdominal pain
A hydrogen breath test can help diagnose: - correct answer -IBS, Intestinal Methanogen overgrowth,
rapid small bowel transit time, and possibly esophageal and gastric cancer in early stages.
Sweat chloride test is used to diagnose: - correct answer -Cystic Fibrosis. This is usually done when a
patient is having digestive problems, & FTT along with history of respiratory issues.
Most common reasons for the use of Probiotics - correct answer -IBS, Infectious diarrhea, antibiotic
associated diarrhea, and colic
, Burns’ Pediatric Primary Care 2025
What is Colic? - correct answer -Crying for no apparent reason that lasts > 3 hrs/day and occurs > 3
days/wk in otherwise healthy infant <3months
Potential causes of vomiting in Newborn or young infants - correct answer -infectious process,
congenital GI anomaly, CNS abnormality, or newborn errors of metabolism
Potential causes of vomiting in Infants or young children - correct answer -Gastroenteritis, GERD,
milk/soy protien allergies, pyloric stenosis or obstructive lesion, inborn errors of metabolism,
intussusception, child abuse, &intracranial mass
Potential causes of vomiting in older children and adolescents - correct answer -Gastroenteritis,
systemic illness, CNS (cyclic vomiting syndrome, abdominal migraine, meningitis, brain tumor),
intussusception, rumination, superior mesenteric artery syndrome, pregnancy
_________ is one of the most common symptoms in childhood. - correct answer -vomiting
Non-bilious vomiting is generally caused by: - correct answer -infection, inflammation, and metabolic,
neurologic, or psychological problems.
An ------- -------- generally causes causes bilious vomiting. - correct answer -obstructive lesion
Bloody vomit comes from: - correct answer -active bleeding in the upper GI tract (gastritis, peptic ulcer
disease)
Rumination Syndrome - correct answer -a condition in which people repeatedly and unintentionally spit
up (regurgitate) undigested or partially digested food from the stomach, rechew it, and then either
reswallow it or spit it out. Usually seen in infants under 1 year of age.
What is superior mesenteric artery syndrome? - correct answer -a digestive condition that occurs when
the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine) is compressed between two arteries (the aorta and
the superior mesenteric artery). This compression causes partial or complete blockage of the
duodenum.
