NURS 6100: Mastery Quiz Perfusion Hemodynamics-patho-Oxygenation and Acid-Base Balance| Answered Latest Fall 2025/26.

Mastery Quiz Perfusion Hemodynamics-patho-Oxygenation and Acid-Base Balance Question 1 4 / 4 points Which physiologic effects would be expected to occur in response to hypotension? (Select all that apply) a) the RAA system is activated b) the parasympathetic nervous system is stimulated c) baroreceptors are triggered d) the sympathetic nervous system is activated Question 2 4 / 4 points A rapid heart rate can be caused by which of the following? (Select all that apply). a) pain b) exercise c) sleep d) compensation for low blood pressure Question 3 4 / 4 points As compared to the systemic circulation, the pulmonary circulation is a low-pressure system. True False Question 4 4 / 4 points The are thin-walled, distensible, and collapsible vessels that are capable of enlarging and storing large quantities of blood. a) arteries b) veins c) capillaries d) arterioles Question 5 4 / 4 points Name the term that describes a period in the action potential curve where no stimuli can generate another action potential. a) absolute refractory period b) supernormal excitatory period c) relative refractory period d) subnormal refractory period Question 6 0 / 4 points Coronary artery that supplies the right ventricle, the posterior and inferior surfaces of the heart, and the SA and AV nodes. a) left anterior descending artery b) obtuse marginal artery c) right coronary artery d) circumflex artery Question 7 4 / 4 points Match the statement with the determinants of cardiac output described. 1 amount of volume to fill the ventricles. 3 frequency with which blood is ejected from the heart 2 resistance against which the heart pumps 4 determined by the interaction of myosin and actin filaments in cardiac muscle fibers 1. preload 2. afterload 3. heart rate 4. contractility Question 8 4 / 4 points What nerve is responsible for parasympathetic innervation of the heart? a) vagus nerve b) abducens nerve c) brachial nerve d) accessory nerve Question 9 4 / 4 points Thrills, bruits and murmurs are caused by which physiological alteration? a) hypoxemia b) turbulent blood flow c) laminar blood flow d) decreased myocardal contractility Question 10 4 / 4 points Which is the best description of ischemia? a) inadequate tissue perfusion b) impaired immune response c) insufficient vital capacity d) impaired surfactant level Question 11 4 / 4 points What is the most common cause of repiratory acidosis? a) low potassium b) high potassium c) hyperventilation d) hypoventilation Question 12 4 / 4 points A patient with DKA would be expected to have a primary metabolic acidosis with which secondary compensatory component? a) metabolic alkalosis b) respiratory acidosis c) respiratory alkalosis d) activation of the RAA mechanism Question 13 4 / 4 points Which is an expected ABG finding in a patient with COPD? a) primary respiratory acidosis with secondary metabolic alkalosis b) primary respiratory alkalosis with secondary metabolic acidosis c) primary metabolic alkalosis with secondary respiratory acidosis d) primary metabolic acidosis with secondary respiratory alkalosis Question 14 4 / 4 points The kidneys can compensate for acid base imbalance within minutes, but the lungs take several hours to compensate. True False Question 15 4 / 4 points The following ABG would be expected in which patient population? pH 7.39 PCO2 55 HCO3 30 a) DKA b) renal failure c) acute respiratory failure d) COPD Question 16 4 / 4 points Interpret the following ABG: pH 7.29 pCO2 60 HCO3 24 a) uncompensated respiratory acidosis b) uncompensated respiratory alkalosis c) compensated metabolic acidosis d) uncompensated metabolic alkalosis Question 17 4 / 4 points Interpret the patient's arterial blood gas. pH - 7.58 pCO2 - 38 HCO3 - 35 a) respiratory acidosis b) respiratory alkalosis c) metabolic acidosis d) metabolic alkalosis Question 18 4 / 4 points A patient has been placed on a diuretic for high blood pressure and has diuresed 3 liters in one day. His ABG shows that he has developed a metabolic alkalosis. What is the most likely cause? a) Renal failure b) diabetes insipidus c) hypoventilation d) hypokalemia Question 19 4 / 4 points A patient has just returned from surgery and is still heavily sedated. A capnography monitor shows a pCO2 of 58 mm Hg. What is the most likely reason for this elevation in pCO2? a) hyperventilation b) hypoventilation c) renal failure d) hyperkalemia questions on ventilation and oxygenation Question 20 4 / 4 points What parameters are used to measure the amount of oxygen in the blood? a) paO2 and paCO2 b) pH and paCO2 c) paO2 and O2 saturation d) pH and HCO3 The correct answer is C - paO2 and O2 saturation. The paO2 should be at least 80 mm Hg and the O2 saturation at least 95%. paCO2 measures VENTILATION, not oxygenation. pH is an indicator of acid base balance and a reflection of ventilation, not oxygenation. Question 21 4 / 4 points The movement of gases in and out of the lungs is called oxygenation. a) True b) False Question 22 4 / 4 points Which represents normal respiratory rate and oxygen saturation? a) RR 12-20 min / SpO2>95% b) RR 6-12/min / SpO2 > 85% c) RR 20-30 min / SpO2 > 88% d) RR 6-12/min / SpO2 > 90% Feedback A is correct. Normal RR = 12 - 20/minute. Preferred saturation is greater than 95%. In COPD patients, acceptable range is down to 90%. D is incorrect because the RR is too low. Question 23 4 / 4 points Which 3 factors are needed for adequate oxygen transport to the tissues? a) hemoglobin, carbon dioxide, surfactant b) oxygen saturation, partial pressure of oxygen, baroreceptors c) hemoglobin, cardiac output, oxygen saturation d) cilia, surfactant, intact glossopharyngeal reflex Question 24 What is the most common defect at the alveolar a) pneumonia b) ARDS c) atelectasis The correct answer is C. Hemoglobin is the vehicle that transports oxygen. Each hemoglobin molecule needs to be at least 95% saturated with oxygen. The heart serves as the power station to pump the RBCs around the circulatory system to deliver the oxygen (cardiac output). Carbon dioxide is not involved in oxygen transport. Surfactant is a factor in 4 / 4 points example of a perfusion capillary level? d) pulmonary embolus preventing alveolar collapse. Baroreceptors are related to BP, not oxygenation. D relates to protective mechanisms of the lungs, not oxygen D is correct. A pulmonary the capillary and doesn't allow blood to reach the alveolus. Therefore, oxygen exchange cannot occur. All of the other choices represent problems with VENTILATION, not perfusion. Question 25 4 / 4 points What is the earliest clinical sign of hypoxemia? a) cyanosis b) clubbing c) decreased level of consciousness d) restlessness D is correct. Restlessness is the earliest sign of hypoxemia. All of the others are late signs. Match the following blood vessel to its best description • Artery → thick walled / muscular / highest pressure • Vein → thin-walled / low pressure / highest volume • Capillary → one cell thick / where gas exchange occurs Match the description with the conduction component of the heart it best describes. • SA node → Primary pacemaker of the heart • AV node → Relays conduction impulses from the atrium to the ventricles • Bundle of His → Divides into the right and left bundle branches • Purkinje fibers → Innervates the myocardium Which coronary artery supplies the left ventricle? Question 6 options: a) right coronary artery b) left anterior descending artery c) posterior descending artery d) circumflex artery The circulatory pressure that most influences systemic tissue perfusion is the . a) pulmonary artery pressure b) barometric pressure c) mean arterial pressure d) vital capacity What occurs when the heart is stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system? a) decreased heart rate, increased contractility b) increased heart rate, decreased contractility c) decreased heart rate, decreased contractility d) increase in heart rate, increase in contractility The rate of blood flow through a vessel is affected by pressure, resistance, and vessel radius. a) True b) False Which parameters should the nurse assess in determining whether a patient has adequate tissue perfusion? (Select all that apply). a) blood pressure b) mental status c) urinary output d) capillary refill e) palpable peripheral pulse