HRPYC81 Project 2 Assignment 4 (FINAL RESEARCH REPORT ANSWERS) 2025 (871594 )

HRPYC81
Project 2 Assignment 4 2025
RESEARCH REPORT

Unique number: 871594

Due Date: October 2025
FINAL RESEARCH REPORT

TIME PERSPECTIVE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH ANXIETY AND RISKY
BEHAVIOUR AMONG ADULTS IN SOUTH AFRICA

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT................................................................................................................. 4
1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 5
2. LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................... 6
2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 6
2.2 Conceptualising Time Perspective .................................................................... 6
2.2.1 Defining Time Perspective .......................................................................... 6
2.2.2 Theoretical Models ...................................................................................... 7
2.3 Time Perspective and Psychological Outcomes ................................................ 7
2.3.1 Time Perspective and Mental Health........................................................... 7
2.3.2 Mechanisms Linking Time Perspective to Mental Health ............................ 8
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2.4 Time Perspective and Risky Behaviour .............................................................
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Disclaimer
Great care has been taken in the preparation of this document; however, the contents are provided "as is" without any express or
implied representations or warranties. The author accepts no responsibility or liability for any actions taken based on the
information contained within this document. This document is intended solely for comparison, research, and reference purposes.
Reproduction, resale, or transmission of any part of this document, in any form or by any means, is strictly prohibited.

, +27 67 171 1739



FINAL RESEARCH REPORT

TIME PERSPECTIVE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH ANXIETY AND RISKY
BEHAVIOUR AMONG ADULTS IN SOUTH AFRICA

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ 4
1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 5
2. LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................... 6
2.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 6
2.2 Conceptualising Time Perspective .................................................................... 6
2.2.1 Defining Time Perspective .......................................................................... 6
2.2.2 Theoretical Models ..................................................................................... 7
2.3 Time Perspective and Psychological Outcomes ............................................... 7
2.3.1 Time Perspective and Mental Health .......................................................... 7
2.3.2 Mechanisms Linking Time Perspective to Mental Health ............................ 8
2.4 Time Perspective and Risky Behaviour ............................................................ 8
2.4.1 Empirical Relationships .............................................................................. 8
2.4.2 Underlying Cognitive Processes ................................................................. 9
2.5 Consistency and Gaps in the Literature ............................................................ 9
2.6 The South African Context .............................................................................. 10
2.6.1 Cultural and Historical Factors .................................................................. 10
2.6.2 Relevance for Mental Health and Risk Prevention .................................... 10
2.7 Research Hypotheses ..................................................................................... 10
3. RESEARCH METHOD ......................................................................................... 11
4. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................................. 11
5. PARTICIPANTS ................................................................................................... 12
6. PROCEDURE ...................................................................................................... 13
7. MEASUREMENTS ............................................................................................... 14
7.1.Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) ................................................. 14
7.2. Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) .............................................................. 14
7.3. Risky, Impulsive, and Self-Destructive Behaviour Questionnaire ................... 15
8. DATA ANALYSIS ................................................................................................. 15
9. RESULTS ............................................................................................................. 16
9.1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 16
9.2. Preliminary Analysis ....................................................................................... 16
Disclaimer
Great care has been taken in the preparation of this document; however, the contents are provided "as is"
without any express or implied representations or warranties. The author accepts no responsibility or
liability for any actions taken based on the information contained within this document. This document is
intended solely for comparison, research, and reference purposes. Reproduction, resale, or transmission
of any part of this document, in any form or by any means, is strictly prohibited.

, +27 67 171 1739



9.3. Main Analysis ................................................................................................. 17
9.3.1. Hypothesis 1 ............................................................................................ 17
9.3.2. Hypothesis 2 ............................................................................................ 18
9.4. Summary of Findings ..................................................................................... 18
10. DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................... 19
10.1. Support of Original Hypotheses ................................................................... 19
10.2. Similarity of Results with Previous Research ............................................... 19
10.3. Differences and Possible Explanations ........................................................ 20
10.4. Limitations .................................................................................................... 21
10.5. Contributions of the Study ............................................................................ 22
10.6. Implications for Future Research and Practice ............................................ 22
11. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................... 23
REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 24




Disclaimer
Great care has been taken in the preparation of this document; however, the contents are provided "as is"
without any express or implied representations or warranties. The author accepts no responsibility or
liability for any actions taken based on the information contained within this document. This document is
intended solely for comparison, research, and reference purposes. Reproduction, resale, or transmission
of any part of this document, in any form or by any means, is strictly prohibited.