TEST BANK McCance Huether’s Pathophysiology The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (9TH) by Julia Rogers + NCLEX Case Studies with Answers

PATHOPHYSIOLOGYwq8THwqEDITIONwqMCCANCEwqTESTwqBANK




McCance and Huether’s, Pathophysiology:The Biologic Basis
for Disease in Adults and Children, 9TH
ED(PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 9TH EDITION)




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, PATHOPHYSIOLOGYwq8THwqEDITIONwqMCCANCEwqTESTwqBANK



Chapterwq1:wqCellularwqBiologywq
wq

MULTIPLEwqCHOICEwq
wq

1. Whichwqstatementwqbestwqdescribeswqthewqcellularwqfunctionwqofwqmetabolicwqabsorption?wq
a. Cellswqcanwqproducewqproteins.wq c.wqCellswqcanwqtakewqinwqandwqusewqnutrients.wq
b. Cellswqcanwqsecretewqdigestivewqenzymes.wq d.wqCellswqcanwqsynthesizewqfats.wq
wq

wq

ANS:wqCwq
Inwqmetabolicwqabsorption,wqallwqcellswqtakewqinwqandwqusewqnutrientswqandwqotherwqsubstanceswq
fromwqtheirwqsurroundings.wqThewqremainingwqoptionswqarewqnotwqinclusivewqinwqtheirwqdescript
ionswqofwqcellularwqmetabolicwqabsorption.wq
wq

PTS:wq1wq REF:wqPagewq2wq
wq

2. Mostwqofwqawqcell’swqgeneticwqinformation,wqincludingwqRNAwqandwqDNA,wqiswqcontainedwqinwqth
e:wq
a. Mitochondriawq c.wqNucleoluswq
b. Ribosomewq d.wqLysosomewq
wq

wq

ANS:wqCwq
Thewqnucleuswqcontainswqthewqnucleolus,wqawqsmallwqdensewqstructurewqcomposedwqlargelywqof
wqRNA,wqmostwqofwqthewqcellularwqDNA,wqandwqthewqDNA-

bindingwqproteins,wqsuchwqaswqthewqhistones,wqwhichwqregulatewqitswqactivity.wqThewqotherwqopti
onswqdowqnotwqcontainwqmostwqofwqawqcell’swqgeneticwqinformation.wq
wq

PTS:wq1wq REF:wqPagewq2wq
wq

3. Whichwqcomponentwqofwqthewqcellwqproduceswqhydrogenwqperoxidewq(HNURSINGTB.COM
2O2)wqbywqusingwqoxygenwqtowqremovewqhydrogenwqatomswqfromwqspecificwqsubstrateswqinwqan
wqoxidativewqreaction? wq

a. Lysosomeswq c.wqRibosomeswq
b. Peroxisomeswq d.wqOxyhydrosomeswq
wq

wq

ANS:wqBwq
Peroxisomeswqarewqsowqnamedwqbecausewqtheywqusuallywqcontainwqenzymeswqthatwqusewqoxyge
nwqtowqremovewqhydrogenwqatomswqfromwqspecificwqsubstrateswqinwqanwqoxidativewqreactionwqth
atwqproduceswqH2O2,wqwhichwqiswqawqpowerfulwqoxidantwqandwqpotentiallywqdestructivewqifwqitwq
accumulateswqorwqescapeswqfromwqperoxisomes.wqRibosomeswqarewqRNA-
proteinwqcomplexeswq(nucleoproteins)wqthatwqarewqsynthesizedwqinwqthewqnucleoluswqandwqsecre
tedwqintowqthewqcytoplasmwqthroughwqporeswqinwqthewqnuclearwqenvelopewqcalledwqnuclearwqpor
ewqcomplexes.wqLysosomeswqarewqsaclikewqstructureswqthatwqoriginatewqfromwqthewqGolgiwqcom
plexwqandwqcontainwqmorewqthanwq40wqdigestivewqenzymeswqcalledwqhydrolases,wqwhichwqcatal
yzewqbondswqinwqproteins,wqlipids,wqnucleicwqacids,wqandwqcarbohydrates.wqOxyhydrosomeswqar
ewqinvolvedwqinwqenzymewqproduction.wq
wq




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PTS:wq1wq REF:wqPagewq8wq
wq

4. Whichwqcellwqcomponentwqiswqcapablewqofwqcellularwqautodigestionwqwhenwqitwqiswqreleasedwqduri
ngwqcellwqinjury?wq
a. Ribosomewq c.wqSmoothwqendoplasmicwqreticulumwq
b. Golgiwqcomplexwq d.wqLysosomeswq
wq

wq

ANS:wqDwq
Thewqlysosomalwqmembranewqactswqaswqawqprotectivewqshieldwqbetweenwqthewqpowerfulwqdigest
ivewqenzymeswqwithinwqthewqlysosomewqandwqthewqcytoplasm,wqpreventingwqtheirwqleakagewqint
owqthewqcytoplasmicwqmatrix.wqDisruptionwqofwqthewqmembranewqbywqvariouswqtreatmentswqorwq
cellularwqinjurywqleadswqtowqawqreleasewqofwqthewqlysosomalwqenzymes,wqwhichwqcanwqthenwqreac
twqwithwqtheirwqspecificwqsubstrates,wqcausingwqcellularwqself-
digestion.wqThewqotherwqoptionswqdowqnotwqcorrectlywqdescribewqthiswqprocess.wq
wq

PTS:wq1wq REF:wqPageswq7-8wq
wq

5. Whatwqiswqthewqsequencewqofwqstepswqinwqthewqdevelopmentwqofwqawqdigestivewqenzymewqbywqthewq
pancreaswqcellswqfromwqthewqinitialwqtranscriptionwqtowqthewqreleasewqfromwqthewqcell?wq
a. ThewqenzymewqiswqtranscribedwqfromwqDNAwqbywqRNAwqinwqthewqnucleus,wqproceedswqtowqt
hewqribosomewqforwqsynthesis,wqandwqiswqtransportedwqinwqawqsecretorywqvesiclewqtowqthewqce
llwqmembrane.wq
b. ThewqenzymewqiswqtranscribedwqfromwqRNAwqbywqDNAwqinwqthewqnucleus,wqproceedswqtowqt
hewqlysosomewqforwqsynthesis,wqandwqiswqtransportedwqinwqanwqencapsulatedwqmembranewqto
wqthewqcellwqmembrane.wq

c. Thewqenzymewqiswqtranscribedwqbywqthewqmitochondriawqinwqthewqnucleus,wqproceedswqtowqt
hewqribosomewqforwqsynthesis,wqandwqiswqtransportedwqinwqawqcytoskeletonwqtowqthewqcellwqm
embrane.wq
d. ThewqenzymewqiswqtranscribedwqfromwqDNAwqbywqRNAwqinwqthewqnucleus,wqproceedswqtowqt
hewq
Golgiwqcomplexwqforwqsynthesis,wqandwqiswqtransportedwqinwqawqcytosolwqtowqthewqcellwqmem
brane.wq
wq

wq

ANS:wqAwq
ThewqenzymewqiswqtranscribedwqfromwqDNAwqbywqRNAwqinwqthewqnucleus,wqproceedswqtowqthewq
ribosomewqforwqsynthesis,wqandwqiswqtransportedwqinwqawqsecretorywqvesiclewqtowqthewqcellwqmem
brane.wqThewqotherwqoptionswqdowqnotwqcorrectlywqdescribewqthiswqprocess.wq
wq
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PTS:wq1wq REF:wqPagewq7wq|wqFigurewq1-5wqwq
wq

6. DuringwqwhichwqphasewqofwqthewqcellwqcyclewqiswqDNAwqsynthesized?wq
a. G1wq c.wqG2wq
b. Swq d.wqMwq
wq

wq

ANS:wqBwq
Thewqfourwqdesignatedwqphaseswqofwqthewqcellwqcyclewqare:wq(1)wqthewqG1wqphasewq(Gwq=wqgap),wq
whichwqiswqthewqperiodwqbetweenwqthewqMwqphasewq(Mwq=wqmitosis)wqandwqthewqstartwqofwqDNA




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wqsynthesis;wq(2)wqthewqSwqphasewq(Swq=wqsynthesis),wqduringwqwhichwqDNAwqiswqsynthesizedwqi
nwqthewqcellwqnucleus;wq(3)wqthewqG2wqphase,wqduringwqwhichwqRNAwqandwqproteinwqsynthesiswq
occurs,wqthewqperiodwqbetweenwqthewqcompletionwqofwqDNAwqsynthesiswqandwqthewqnextwqphase
wq(M);wqandwq(4)wqthewqMwqphase,wqwhichwqincludeswqnuclearwqandwqcytoplasmicwqdivision.wq
wq

PTS:wq1wq REF:wqPagewq37wq
wq

7. Whatwqorganicwqcompoundwqfacilitateswqtransportationwqacrosswqcellwqmembraneswqbywqactingwq
aswqreceptors,wqtransportwqchannelswqforwqelectrolytes,wqandwqenzymeswqtowqdrivewqactivewqpump
s?wq
a. Lipidswq c.wqProteinswq
b. Proteaseswq d.wqCarbohydrateswq
wq

wq

ANS:wqCwq
Proteinswqactwqaswq(1)wqrecognitionwqandwqbindingwqunitswq(receptors)wqforwqsubstanceswqmovin
gwqinwqandwqoutwqofwqthewqcell;wq(2)wqporeswqorwqtransportwqchannelswqforwqvariouswqelectricallyw
qchargedwqparticleswqcalledwqionswqorwqelectrolyteswqandwqspecificwqcarrierswqforwqaminowqacids

wqandwqmonosaccharides;wqandwq(3)wqspecificwqenzymeswqthatwqdrivewqactivewqpumpswqthatwqpr

omotewqthewqconcentrationwqofwqcertainwqions,wqparticularlywqpotassiumwq(K+),wqwithinwqthewqc
ellwqwhilewqkeepingwqconcentrationswqofwqotherwqions,wqforwqexample,wqsodiumwq(Na+),wqbelow
wqthewqconcentrationswqfoundwqinwqthewqextracellularwqenvironment.wqThewqotherwqoptionswqdow

qnotwqcorrectlywqdescribewqthiswqprocess.wq
wq

PTS:wq1wq REF:wqPagewq13wq|wqPagewq15wq wq
wq

8. Understandingwqthewqvariouswqstepswqofwqproteolyticwqcascades,wqsuchwqaswqcaspase-
mediatedwqapoptosiswqandwqcomplementwqcascades,wqmaywqbewqusefulwqinwqdesigningwqdrugwqthe
rapywqforwqwhichwqhumanwqdiseases?wq
a. Cardiacwqandwqvascularwqdisorderswq
b. Autoimmunewqandwqmalignantwqdisorderswq
c. Gastrointestinalwqandwqrenalwqdisorderswq
d. Endocrinewqandwqgastrointestinalwqdisorderswq
wq

wq

ANS:wqBwq
Understandingwqthewqvariouswqstepswqinvolvedwqinwqthiswqprocesswqiswqcrucialwqforwqdesigningw
qdrugwqinterventions.wqDysregulationwqofwqproteaseswqfeatureswqprominentlywqinwqmanywqhum

anwqdiseases,wqincludingwqcancer,wqautoimmunity,wqandwqneurodegenerativewqdisorders.wqThe
wqotherwqoptionswqdowqnotwqcorrectlywqdescribewqthiswqprocess.wq
wq

PTS:wq1wq REF:wqPagewq15wq
wq

9. Whichwqstructurewqpreventswqwater-
solublewqmoleculeswqfromwqenteringwqcellswqacrosswqthewqplasmawqmembrane?wq
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a. Carbohydratewqchainswq c.wqMembranewqchannelwqproteinswq
b. Glycoproteinwqchannelswq d.wqLipidwqbilayerwq
wq

wq

ANS:wqDwq




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