NURS 6030 Patho Exam 2 Study Guide
Questions and Actual Answers
2025\2026 Set.
Colonization: - Answer presence of microorganisms (not necessarily infection)
Infection: - Answer presence, multiplication and tissue injury from microorganisms
Pathogen: - Answer virulent organisms
Virulence: - Answer potential to produce disease
Saprophytes: - Answer harmless organisms
Mycosis: - Answer infection with a fungus
Opportunistic: - Answer cause disease in immunocompromised host
incubation period - Answer interval between initial infection and first signs and symptoms
Acute - Answer New, usually of rapid onset and of concern, opposite of chronic
Chronic - Answer Long-standing, constant. Opposite of acute
Host - Answer supporting organism on which a parasite lives
Prions - Answer -Protein particles that lack a genome, transmissible neurodegenerative
diseases (mad cow disease), replication is not understood, amyloid plaque
1. Slow progressive degeneration of nerves
2. Amyloid plaque --> nervous system
3. No treatment
, b. Pathogen replicates
2. Prodromal stage
a. Initial symptoms (may be mild)
b. From organism and immune response
3. Acute stage
a. Infection spreads
b. Signs and symptoms increase
4. Convalescence
a. Symptoms decline
b. Hopefully recovery
Bacteria: how they replicate and survive the immune system - Answer Prokaryotic, unicellular
(1 chromosome + plasmids) (gram negative (red), gram positive (blue b/c of lipid layer), cocci
(spherical shape), pili (allow to attach)
Bacteria: how they replicate and survive the immune system - Answer Overcome host
defenses:
1. Biofilm
2. Adherence: stick to bladder cells and cause UTI
3. Encapsulation (TB)
4. Mutation
5. Enzyme production
6. Slime production
Virus: steps of virus invasion, impact of virus replication on host cell; How do viruses evade our
immune system (i.e. what happens to the influenza virus each year)? - Answer -Small
intracellular pathogen
-Simple organism with no organelles
-Basic structure, viron, contains nucleic acid protected by a capsid ----> enclosed by a lipoprotein
envelope
Lifecycle of a virus - Answer 1. Attach to a surface receptor on a host cell, can be specific
2. Uses enzymes to penetrate the cell
Questions and Actual Answers
2025\2026 Set.
Colonization: - Answer presence of microorganisms (not necessarily infection)
Infection: - Answer presence, multiplication and tissue injury from microorganisms
Pathogen: - Answer virulent organisms
Virulence: - Answer potential to produce disease
Saprophytes: - Answer harmless organisms
Mycosis: - Answer infection with a fungus
Opportunistic: - Answer cause disease in immunocompromised host
incubation period - Answer interval between initial infection and first signs and symptoms
Acute - Answer New, usually of rapid onset and of concern, opposite of chronic
Chronic - Answer Long-standing, constant. Opposite of acute
Host - Answer supporting organism on which a parasite lives
Prions - Answer -Protein particles that lack a genome, transmissible neurodegenerative
diseases (mad cow disease), replication is not understood, amyloid plaque
1. Slow progressive degeneration of nerves
2. Amyloid plaque --> nervous system
3. No treatment
, b. Pathogen replicates
2. Prodromal stage
a. Initial symptoms (may be mild)
b. From organism and immune response
3. Acute stage
a. Infection spreads
b. Signs and symptoms increase
4. Convalescence
a. Symptoms decline
b. Hopefully recovery
Bacteria: how they replicate and survive the immune system - Answer Prokaryotic, unicellular
(1 chromosome + plasmids) (gram negative (red), gram positive (blue b/c of lipid layer), cocci
(spherical shape), pili (allow to attach)
Bacteria: how they replicate and survive the immune system - Answer Overcome host
defenses:
1. Biofilm
2. Adherence: stick to bladder cells and cause UTI
3. Encapsulation (TB)
4. Mutation
5. Enzyme production
6. Slime production
Virus: steps of virus invasion, impact of virus replication on host cell; How do viruses evade our
immune system (i.e. what happens to the influenza virus each year)? - Answer -Small
intracellular pathogen
-Simple organism with no organelles
-Basic structure, viron, contains nucleic acid protected by a capsid ----> enclosed by a lipoprotein
envelope
Lifecycle of a virus - Answer 1. Attach to a surface receptor on a host cell, can be specific
2. Uses enzymes to penetrate the cell
