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Samenvatting Sociologie_hoofstuk 1, 2 en 3

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Samenvatting van hoofdstuk 1, 2 en 3 van het vak sociologie, die gegeven wordt in 1e bachelor sociaal werk aan Artevelde.

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September 23, 2025
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SOCIOLOGIE
2024–2025




1

,Inhoudstafel
1. Het sociologisch perspectief....................................................................3
1.1. Wat is sociologie?...............................................................................3
1.2. De historische achtergrond van sociologie........................................4
1.2.1. Ontstaan sociologie.....................................................................4
1.2.2. Hoe komt het dat de sociologie zich pas zo laat ontwikkelde?....5
1.3. De sociologische verbeelding............................................................6
1.4. Het terrein van de sociologie: beïnvloeding.......................................6
1.4.1. Het gedrag (het interpersoonlijk niveau/ microniveau)...............7
1.4.2. De interactie (het groepsniveau/ mesoniveau)............................7
1.4.2.1. Basisvormen van interactie...................................................8
1.4.2.1.1. Conformiteit of aanpassing.............................................8
1.4.2.1.2. Uitwisseling of ruil...........................................................9
1.4.2.1.3. Samenwerking.................................................................9
1.4.2.1.4. Competitie.......................................................................9
1.4.2.1.5. Conflict............................................................................9
1.4.2.2. On-evenwichten in de interactie............................................9
1.4.2.2.1. Macht.............................................................................10
1.4.2.2.1.1. Enkele machtsbronnen............................................10
1.4.2.2.2. Gezag............................................................................11
1.4.2.2.2.1. Weber onderscheidt 3 soorten gezag......................11
1.4.2.2.3. Manipulatie....................................................................11
1.4.2.3. Stolling van interactie in cultuur en structuur.....................11
1.4.3. De omgeving (macroniveau).....................................................11
2. Institutionalisering, cultuur en socialisatie............................................12
2.1. Institutionalisering...........................................................................12
2.1.1. Ontstaan van instituties.............................................................12
2.1.2. Instituties: waarover gaat het?..................................................12
2.1.3. Duurzaamheid instituties: experiment van Mereï......................12
2.1.4. Onderscheid institutie >< instelling..........................................13
2.1.5. Kenmerken van instituties.........................................................13
2.1.6. Institutionele variatie bij mensen..............................................13
2.1.7. Waarom zijn instituties nodig?...................................................13
2.1.8. Functionalistische benadering van instituties............................14
2.1.9. Totale instituties (Goffman)........................................................14
2.2. Cultuur.............................................................................................14
2.2.1. Wat is cultuur?...........................................................................14

2

, 2.2.2. Componenten van cultuur.........................................................15
2.2.3. Symbolen en taal dragen cultuur...............................................15
2.2.4. Dominante cultuur – subcultuur – tegencultuur.........................15
2.2.5. Cultuur als lens..........................................................................16
2.2.6. Enkele besluiten........................................................................16
2.3. Socialisering.....................................................................................17
2.3.1. Wat is socialisering?...................................................................17
2.3.2. Verduidelijking begrippen..........................................................17
2.3.3. 3 niveaus van socialisatie..........................................................17
2.3.4. Differentiële socialisatie............................................................18
2.3.5. Resocialisatie.............................................................................18
3. Sociale structuur...................................................................................19
3.1. Wat is sociale structuur?..................................................................19
3.2. Sociale groepen...............................................................................19
3.3. Componenten van een sociale structuur.........................................21
3.3.1. Sociale positie............................................................................21
3.3.2. Sociale rol..................................................................................22
3.3.2.1. Rollenset – rollenconflict – rolspanning................................22
3.3.2.2. Rolverwarring – roldistantiëring – rolsegregatie..................22
3.3.2.3. Rolattributen........................................................................23
3.3.3. Sociale status............................................................................23




1. Het sociologisch perspectief
1.1. Wat is sociologie?

Sociologie is de wetenschap die begaan is met de systematische studie
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