Maryville University: NURS611 Patho
Exam 3 2026 Questions and Answers
What are clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism?
a. intolerance to heat, tachycardia, and weight loss
b. oligomenorrhea, fatigue, and warm skin
c. restlessness, increased appetite, and menorrhagia
d. constipation, decreased heart rate, and lethargy - Correct answer-*D
*The lower levels of TH result in decreased energy metabolism, resulting in
constipation, bradycardia, and lethargy.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is released to stimulate thyroid hormone (TH)
and is inhibited when plasma levels of TH are adequate. This is an example of:
a. positive feedback
b. neural regulation
c. negative feedback
d. physiologic regulation - Correct answer-*C
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,*Negative feedback occurs because the changing chemical, neural, or endocrine
response to a stimulus negates the initiating change that triggered the release of the
hormone.
Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH) synthesized and where does it act?
a. hypothalamus, renal tubular cells
b. anterior pituitary, posterior pituitary
c. renal tubules, renal collecting ducts
posterior pituitary, loop of henle - Correct answer-*A
*Once synthesized in the hypothalamus, ADH acts on the vasopressin 2 receptors
of the renal duct cells to increase their permeability.
How does a faulty negative-feedback mechanism result in a hormonal imbalance?
a. hormones are not synthesized in response to cellular and tissue activities
b. decreased hormonal secretion is a response to rising hormone levels
c. too little hormone production is initiated
d. excessive hormone production results from a failure to turn off the system -
Correct answer-*D
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,*Negative-feedback systems are important in maintaining hormones within
physiologic ranges. The lack of negative-feedback inhibition on hormonal release
often results in pathologic conditions. Excessive hormone production, which is the
result of the failure to turn off the system, can cause various hormonal imbalances
and related conditions.
What imbalance lessens the rate of secretion of parathyroid hormone
a. Increased serum calcium levels
b. Decreased serum magnesium levels
c. Decreased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone
d. Increased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone - Correct answer-*A
*The overall effect of PTH is to increase serum calcium and decrease serum
phosphate. If calcium levels are increased, the rate of secretion of PTH will be low.
Which condition may result from pressure exerted by a pituitary tumor?
a. Hypothyroidism
b. Diabetes insipidus
c. Hypercortisolism
d. Insulin hypo-secretion - Correct answer-*A
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, *If the tumor exerts sufficient pressure, then thyroid and adrenal hypofunction may
occur because of lack of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). These result in the symptoms of
hypothyroidism and hypocortisolism.
Graves disease develops from a(n):
a. Viral infection of the thyroid gland that causes overproduction of thyroid
hormone.
b. Autoimmune process during which lymphocytes and fibrous tissue replace
thyroid tissue.
c. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin that causes overproduction of thyroid
hormones.
d. Ingestion of goitrogens that inhibits the synthesis of the thyroid hormones,
causing a goiter. - Correct answer-*C
*The pathologic features of Graves disease indicates that normal regulatory
mechanisms are overridden by abnormal immunologic mechanisms that result in
the stimulation of excessive TH.
Pathologic changes associated with Graves disease include:
a. High levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
Exam 3 2026 Questions and Answers
What are clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism?
a. intolerance to heat, tachycardia, and weight loss
b. oligomenorrhea, fatigue, and warm skin
c. restlessness, increased appetite, and menorrhagia
d. constipation, decreased heart rate, and lethargy - Correct answer-*D
*The lower levels of TH result in decreased energy metabolism, resulting in
constipation, bradycardia, and lethargy.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is released to stimulate thyroid hormone (TH)
and is inhibited when plasma levels of TH are adequate. This is an example of:
a. positive feedback
b. neural regulation
c. negative feedback
d. physiologic regulation - Correct answer-*C
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,*Negative feedback occurs because the changing chemical, neural, or endocrine
response to a stimulus negates the initiating change that triggered the release of the
hormone.
Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH) synthesized and where does it act?
a. hypothalamus, renal tubular cells
b. anterior pituitary, posterior pituitary
c. renal tubules, renal collecting ducts
posterior pituitary, loop of henle - Correct answer-*A
*Once synthesized in the hypothalamus, ADH acts on the vasopressin 2 receptors
of the renal duct cells to increase their permeability.
How does a faulty negative-feedback mechanism result in a hormonal imbalance?
a. hormones are not synthesized in response to cellular and tissue activities
b. decreased hormonal secretion is a response to rising hormone levels
c. too little hormone production is initiated
d. excessive hormone production results from a failure to turn off the system -
Correct answer-*D
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,*Negative-feedback systems are important in maintaining hormones within
physiologic ranges. The lack of negative-feedback inhibition on hormonal release
often results in pathologic conditions. Excessive hormone production, which is the
result of the failure to turn off the system, can cause various hormonal imbalances
and related conditions.
What imbalance lessens the rate of secretion of parathyroid hormone
a. Increased serum calcium levels
b. Decreased serum magnesium levels
c. Decreased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone
d. Increased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone - Correct answer-*A
*The overall effect of PTH is to increase serum calcium and decrease serum
phosphate. If calcium levels are increased, the rate of secretion of PTH will be low.
Which condition may result from pressure exerted by a pituitary tumor?
a. Hypothyroidism
b. Diabetes insipidus
c. Hypercortisolism
d. Insulin hypo-secretion - Correct answer-*A
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, *If the tumor exerts sufficient pressure, then thyroid and adrenal hypofunction may
occur because of lack of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). These result in the symptoms of
hypothyroidism and hypocortisolism.
Graves disease develops from a(n):
a. Viral infection of the thyroid gland that causes overproduction of thyroid
hormone.
b. Autoimmune process during which lymphocytes and fibrous tissue replace
thyroid tissue.
c. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin that causes overproduction of thyroid
hormones.
d. Ingestion of goitrogens that inhibits the synthesis of the thyroid hormones,
causing a goiter. - Correct answer-*C
*The pathologic features of Graves disease indicates that normal regulatory
mechanisms are overridden by abnormal immunologic mechanisms that result in
the stimulation of excessive TH.
Pathologic changes associated with Graves disease include:
a. High levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
