Test 1: Patho Maryville Nurs 611 Exam
2026 Questions and Answers
Apoptosis - Correct answer-programmed death such as inflammation
Necrosis - Correct answer-cellular injury such as MI, hypoxia
Atrophy - Correct answer-physiologic atrophy of the thymus gland in childhood
Hypertrophy - Correct answer-increase in cell size
Physiologic hypertrophy would be increase in myocardial cell size r/t endurance
training
Pathologic hypertrophy would be secondary to disease such as HTN
Hyperplasia - Correct answer-increase in number of cells
Compensatory hyperplasia would be the regeneration of liver cells when 70% of
liver is removed
Pathologic hyperplasia would be seen in the endometrium
Metaplasia - Correct answer-Replacement of different cells (think metamorphosis)
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, Ex: normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchial lining have been
replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells
Dysplasia - Correct answer-Not a form of cellular adaptation
ATP - Correct answer-Adenosine Triphosphate is energy that needs oxygen.
aerobic metabolism
What happens when there is a reduction in ATP? - Correct answer-There is a
failure of the Na+ K+ pump and the Na+ Calcium exchange. This ultimately leads
to an intracellular accumulation of Na+ and Calcium and diffusion of K+ out of the
cell. When K+ leaves the cell, more Na+ and water go into the cell which causes
swelling
What happens when oxygen reserves are depleted? - Correct answer-anaerobic
metabolism (glycolysis)
Free radical - Correct answer-An electrically uncharged atom(s) that has an
unpaired electron. Having one electron that is unpaired makes the atom unstable so
the atom either has to take an electron from another molecule or give one away
What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomes during chemical injury? - Correct
answer-
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
2026 Questions and Answers
Apoptosis - Correct answer-programmed death such as inflammation
Necrosis - Correct answer-cellular injury such as MI, hypoxia
Atrophy - Correct answer-physiologic atrophy of the thymus gland in childhood
Hypertrophy - Correct answer-increase in cell size
Physiologic hypertrophy would be increase in myocardial cell size r/t endurance
training
Pathologic hypertrophy would be secondary to disease such as HTN
Hyperplasia - Correct answer-increase in number of cells
Compensatory hyperplasia would be the regeneration of liver cells when 70% of
liver is removed
Pathologic hyperplasia would be seen in the endometrium
Metaplasia - Correct answer-Replacement of different cells (think metamorphosis)
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, Ex: normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchial lining have been
replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells
Dysplasia - Correct answer-Not a form of cellular adaptation
ATP - Correct answer-Adenosine Triphosphate is energy that needs oxygen.
aerobic metabolism
What happens when there is a reduction in ATP? - Correct answer-There is a
failure of the Na+ K+ pump and the Na+ Calcium exchange. This ultimately leads
to an intracellular accumulation of Na+ and Calcium and diffusion of K+ out of the
cell. When K+ leaves the cell, more Na+ and water go into the cell which causes
swelling
What happens when oxygen reserves are depleted? - Correct answer-anaerobic
metabolism (glycolysis)
Free radical - Correct answer-An electrically uncharged atom(s) that has an
unpaired electron. Having one electron that is unpaired makes the atom unstable so
the atom either has to take an electron from another molecule or give one away
What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomes during chemical injury? - Correct
answer-
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
