Wisconsin Pesticide Applicator Exam Review: Turf &
Landscape Exam Questions and Correct Answers
(100%COMPLETE ANSWERS) ALREADY
GRADED A+ 100% satisfaction guaranteed
Ch.17 With respect to posting a treated sale describe: Who is responsible for posting - ✔✔-
Landscape Sign: the applicator.
-ATCP 29 Sign: the customer, applicator, and applicator's employer are jointly responsible.
-Permanent Sign: golf course superintendent or cemetery grounds management.
Ch.18 Describe and define some of the pesticide application methods you might use in turf and
landscape work (7) - ✔✔1. A broadcast application applies a pesticide uniformly to an entire area
either prior to or after plant or insect emergence.
2. A directed-spray application directs a pesticide at target pests in an effort to minimize contact with
desirable plants or beneficial insects.
3. A foliar application applies a pesticide to the aerial portions of either a weed or desirable plant.
4. A spot treatment is an application of a pesticide to small, targeted areas.
5. Basal-bark treatments are directed at the lower 18 inches of small woody plants.
6. Cut-surface treatments are made to freshly cut surfaces, including stumps.
7. With a soil application, you apply a pesticide directly to the soil rather than to a weed or desirable
plant.
Ch.18 Describe the distribution pattern of granular applicator - ✔✔-Drop-Through Spreaders:
adjustable sliding grate opens holes in bottom of the hopper and granules flow out by gravity feed;
good for smaller sites; revolving agitator activated when spreader is in motion.
-Rotary Spreaders:
Ch.18 List some of the different types of sprayers you might use and identify some of their
characteristics - ✔✔-Hydraulic: most common; water used to carry pesticide to target area; variety
of sizes.
-Hose & Reel System: typically run off pump and spray tank; usually mounted on truck.
-Small-Capacity: carried by applicator; used for directed small area treatments.
-Trigger Pump: trigger squeeze handle; capacity limited to 0.1 - 2 quarts.
Ch.18 List some of the main components of hydraulic sprayers and their importance - ✔✔-Most
common type of sprayer.
-Water is the most frequently used mode of carrying pesticides to the target area with hydraulic
spraying equipment.
-Come in variety of sizes and nozzle sizes.
-Pressure is either a pump or compressed gas/air used to atomize the spray mix.
-Useful for spraying large areas.
Ch.18 List steps you can take before, during, and after spraying as well as prior to storing a sprayer to
keep your equipment in good condition, ensure a proper application, manage rinsate, and protect
waters of the state. - ✔✔-Before: thoroughly rinse sprayer with clean water; check for leaks; adjust
boom according to distance between the nozzle and target.
-During: check that sprayer is operating at same pressure and speed as when it was calibrated; check
for leaks and unusual nozzle patterns.
-After: clean inside/outside of sprayer before switching to another pesticide.
-Storage: clean thoroughly; refill with clean water; add 1-5 gal of emulsifiable oil; flush system with
oil/water mixture; remove and clean nozzles/screens and place in diesel fuel or kerosene to prevent
corrosion and cover nozzle openings with tape to prevent dirt from entering.
,Ch.18 Outline the important characteristics of nozzles - ✔✔-They control the amount of material
applied, the formulation of the droplets and their size, and the distribution and pattern of the
droplets.
-Available in various materials.
-Are made to control the flow of a liquid at a specified pressure.
Ch.19 Describe how to determine how much pesticide product and/or spray mix you need per acre or
1000 sq. ft., tankfull, and entire treated area - ✔✔*See equations on pages 161 and 162 in the
manual
Ch.19 Explain the purpose and importance of calibration - ✔✔To ensure that your equipment
delivers the correct rate of pesticide uniformly to the target site.
Ch.19 List and explain the variables that affect the product rate of granular applicators - ✔✔-Size of
the metering opening.
-Speed of agitator or rotor.
-Travel speed.
-Roughness of the field.
-Flowability of granules (size, density, type, temp, humidity)
-Ground speed* (most significant factor)
Ch.19 List the 3 controlling factors that make a uniform application for backpack sprayers. - ✔✔1.
Nozzle Size
2. The Pressure Used
3. The Time the Nozzle is Kept on the Target Area
Ch.19 List the 4 basic stages in calibrating a broadcast sprayer - ✔✔1. Check that the nozzle flow rate
is about the same for each nozzle on the boom.
2. Check that the spray pattern is uniform.
3. Adjust operating pressure and sprayer ground speed to get the spray rate within the desired range
(gallons per unit area {such as 1 acre or 1000 sq ft})
4. Determine how much pesticide and water you need to add to the spray tank.
Ch.19 List the steps in calibrating a hose reel sprayer (5) - ✔✔1. Divide 1000 sq ft by your swath
width to determine the distance of the test course.
2. Spray the test course with water using the technique you will use for the application. Begin
spraying just before you enter the course.
3. Record the number of seconds it takes to spray the test course. Do this at least 3 times to get an
average time to use for calibration.
4. Spray into a buck for the average number of seconds from Step 3. Measure this amount and
convert to gallons.
5. Amount of water collected is the spray gun output per 1000 sq ft. To determine output per acre,
multiply output per 1000 sq ft by 43.56
Ch.19 List what variables affect the spray rate (2) and how they do so. - ✔✔1. Nozzle flow rate:
varies with the operating pressure and the size of the nozzle tip.
2. Ground speed (walking speed) of the sprayer: adjust your walking speed to make a large change in
the spray rate.
Ch.19 Outline the basic steps when making a backpack application on a percentage basis. - ✔✔-Label
will tell you the amount of product to add in a specified volume of water or other carrier.
-Combining a given amount of each results in a spray mix that contains a certain percentage of
product.
-Then spray the surface with sufficient spray mix to adequately cover the area, but which will not
allow dripping or run-off to occur.
, Ch.19 Outline the steps needed to make an application on a per area basis with a backpack sprayer (7)
- ✔✔1. Measure a test area of 10 x 25 ft (250 sq ft).
2. Fill sprayer with water to a level that is easily recognized.
3. Spray the pre-measured area using the same nozzle, pressure, and style that you will use when
applying the pesticide.
4. Refill tank to original water level. Record the volume (ounces) of water needed to refill the tank.
5. Determine your spray rate. If the labeled spray rate is given in gallons per 1000 sq ft, dividd the
volume (ounces) used in the test area by 32 to get the spray rate in gallons per 1000 sq ft. [Equation:
spray rate = ounces used in test area/32]
6. Check the label to see if you are within 5% of the recommended spray rate. If your rate is outside of
this range, adjust nozzles, walking speed, or pressure and recalibrate. To increase the spray rate, you
can use nozzles with larger openings, decrease your speed, or increase pressure.
7. Determine the amount of pesticide needed for each gallon of water and the amount of spray mix
needed to cover the intended spray area.
Ch.2 Describe how and when to make a basal-bark treatment - ✔✔-Apply spray to lower 18 inches of
stems
-Thoroughly wet stem, crown, and exposed roots
-Can make treatments throughout the year as long as the bark is not wet or when snow or water
prevent spraying to the ground
Ch.2 Describe how and when to make an effective cut-stump treatment - ✔✔-Recommended for
plants with thick bark or trunk is greater than 5 inches in diameter.
-Thoroughly wet plant so runoff covers barks, crown buds, exposed roots, root collar, outer portion of
cut surface.
-Should be applied to cut surface before exposed plant tissue dries, within 2-3 hours.
Ch.2 Describe ways that weeds can pose problems in turf and landscapes (7) - ✔✔-Interfere with
management practices
-Produce chemical inhibitors that directly retard the growth of desirable plants (allelopathy)
-Create a poor impression on customers
-Interferes with pesticide applications
-Support insect pests and plant diseases or provide cover for rodents
-Are poisonous, allergenic, or irritating to people or pets
-Dry out or die and become fire hazards
Ch.2 Distinguish grasses from broadleaf plants and woody from herbaceous plants - ✔✔-Grasses
(Monocots): most common weeds; have a single seed leaf (cotyledon) when they germinate; narrow
leaves with parallel viens
-Broadleaves (Dicots): have 2 seed leaves when they germinate; veins form a net-like or branching
pattern; can be broken down into Woody and Herbaceous plants
--> Woody: have thickened outer layer on stems (bark)
--> Herbaceous: lacks bark
Ch.2 Distinguish the difference between preplant, preemergence, and postemergence herbicide
applications - ✔✔-Preplant: done before planting.
-Preemergence: usually (not always) done after planting but before plants/weeds emerge.
-Postemergence: done selectively after plants/weeds emerge; timing is important; if the desirable
plant is smaller or larger than the growth stage listed on the label, it may be damaged by the
herbicide.
Ch.2 Explain the effects of soil texture, organic matter, and pH and herbicide persistence on herbicide
activity - ✔✔-Fine textured soils or soils with high organic matter often require higher herbicide rates
than soils with coarser texture or low organic matter.
-Some herbicides prohibit product use on certain soils with a light texture, low organic matter, or high
pH to guard against excessive plant damage or herbicide persistence.
-Excessive leaching on sandy soils with shallow water tables may result in groundwater contamination.
Landscape Exam Questions and Correct Answers
(100%COMPLETE ANSWERS) ALREADY
GRADED A+ 100% satisfaction guaranteed
Ch.17 With respect to posting a treated sale describe: Who is responsible for posting - ✔✔-
Landscape Sign: the applicator.
-ATCP 29 Sign: the customer, applicator, and applicator's employer are jointly responsible.
-Permanent Sign: golf course superintendent or cemetery grounds management.
Ch.18 Describe and define some of the pesticide application methods you might use in turf and
landscape work (7) - ✔✔1. A broadcast application applies a pesticide uniformly to an entire area
either prior to or after plant or insect emergence.
2. A directed-spray application directs a pesticide at target pests in an effort to minimize contact with
desirable plants or beneficial insects.
3. A foliar application applies a pesticide to the aerial portions of either a weed or desirable plant.
4. A spot treatment is an application of a pesticide to small, targeted areas.
5. Basal-bark treatments are directed at the lower 18 inches of small woody plants.
6. Cut-surface treatments are made to freshly cut surfaces, including stumps.
7. With a soil application, you apply a pesticide directly to the soil rather than to a weed or desirable
plant.
Ch.18 Describe the distribution pattern of granular applicator - ✔✔-Drop-Through Spreaders:
adjustable sliding grate opens holes in bottom of the hopper and granules flow out by gravity feed;
good for smaller sites; revolving agitator activated when spreader is in motion.
-Rotary Spreaders:
Ch.18 List some of the different types of sprayers you might use and identify some of their
characteristics - ✔✔-Hydraulic: most common; water used to carry pesticide to target area; variety
of sizes.
-Hose & Reel System: typically run off pump and spray tank; usually mounted on truck.
-Small-Capacity: carried by applicator; used for directed small area treatments.
-Trigger Pump: trigger squeeze handle; capacity limited to 0.1 - 2 quarts.
Ch.18 List some of the main components of hydraulic sprayers and their importance - ✔✔-Most
common type of sprayer.
-Water is the most frequently used mode of carrying pesticides to the target area with hydraulic
spraying equipment.
-Come in variety of sizes and nozzle sizes.
-Pressure is either a pump or compressed gas/air used to atomize the spray mix.
-Useful for spraying large areas.
Ch.18 List steps you can take before, during, and after spraying as well as prior to storing a sprayer to
keep your equipment in good condition, ensure a proper application, manage rinsate, and protect
waters of the state. - ✔✔-Before: thoroughly rinse sprayer with clean water; check for leaks; adjust
boom according to distance between the nozzle and target.
-During: check that sprayer is operating at same pressure and speed as when it was calibrated; check
for leaks and unusual nozzle patterns.
-After: clean inside/outside of sprayer before switching to another pesticide.
-Storage: clean thoroughly; refill with clean water; add 1-5 gal of emulsifiable oil; flush system with
oil/water mixture; remove and clean nozzles/screens and place in diesel fuel or kerosene to prevent
corrosion and cover nozzle openings with tape to prevent dirt from entering.
,Ch.18 Outline the important characteristics of nozzles - ✔✔-They control the amount of material
applied, the formulation of the droplets and their size, and the distribution and pattern of the
droplets.
-Available in various materials.
-Are made to control the flow of a liquid at a specified pressure.
Ch.19 Describe how to determine how much pesticide product and/or spray mix you need per acre or
1000 sq. ft., tankfull, and entire treated area - ✔✔*See equations on pages 161 and 162 in the
manual
Ch.19 Explain the purpose and importance of calibration - ✔✔To ensure that your equipment
delivers the correct rate of pesticide uniformly to the target site.
Ch.19 List and explain the variables that affect the product rate of granular applicators - ✔✔-Size of
the metering opening.
-Speed of agitator or rotor.
-Travel speed.
-Roughness of the field.
-Flowability of granules (size, density, type, temp, humidity)
-Ground speed* (most significant factor)
Ch.19 List the 3 controlling factors that make a uniform application for backpack sprayers. - ✔✔1.
Nozzle Size
2. The Pressure Used
3. The Time the Nozzle is Kept on the Target Area
Ch.19 List the 4 basic stages in calibrating a broadcast sprayer - ✔✔1. Check that the nozzle flow rate
is about the same for each nozzle on the boom.
2. Check that the spray pattern is uniform.
3. Adjust operating pressure and sprayer ground speed to get the spray rate within the desired range
(gallons per unit area {such as 1 acre or 1000 sq ft})
4. Determine how much pesticide and water you need to add to the spray tank.
Ch.19 List the steps in calibrating a hose reel sprayer (5) - ✔✔1. Divide 1000 sq ft by your swath
width to determine the distance of the test course.
2. Spray the test course with water using the technique you will use for the application. Begin
spraying just before you enter the course.
3. Record the number of seconds it takes to spray the test course. Do this at least 3 times to get an
average time to use for calibration.
4. Spray into a buck for the average number of seconds from Step 3. Measure this amount and
convert to gallons.
5. Amount of water collected is the spray gun output per 1000 sq ft. To determine output per acre,
multiply output per 1000 sq ft by 43.56
Ch.19 List what variables affect the spray rate (2) and how they do so. - ✔✔1. Nozzle flow rate:
varies with the operating pressure and the size of the nozzle tip.
2. Ground speed (walking speed) of the sprayer: adjust your walking speed to make a large change in
the spray rate.
Ch.19 Outline the basic steps when making a backpack application on a percentage basis. - ✔✔-Label
will tell you the amount of product to add in a specified volume of water or other carrier.
-Combining a given amount of each results in a spray mix that contains a certain percentage of
product.
-Then spray the surface with sufficient spray mix to adequately cover the area, but which will not
allow dripping or run-off to occur.
, Ch.19 Outline the steps needed to make an application on a per area basis with a backpack sprayer (7)
- ✔✔1. Measure a test area of 10 x 25 ft (250 sq ft).
2. Fill sprayer with water to a level that is easily recognized.
3. Spray the pre-measured area using the same nozzle, pressure, and style that you will use when
applying the pesticide.
4. Refill tank to original water level. Record the volume (ounces) of water needed to refill the tank.
5. Determine your spray rate. If the labeled spray rate is given in gallons per 1000 sq ft, dividd the
volume (ounces) used in the test area by 32 to get the spray rate in gallons per 1000 sq ft. [Equation:
spray rate = ounces used in test area/32]
6. Check the label to see if you are within 5% of the recommended spray rate. If your rate is outside of
this range, adjust nozzles, walking speed, or pressure and recalibrate. To increase the spray rate, you
can use nozzles with larger openings, decrease your speed, or increase pressure.
7. Determine the amount of pesticide needed for each gallon of water and the amount of spray mix
needed to cover the intended spray area.
Ch.2 Describe how and when to make a basal-bark treatment - ✔✔-Apply spray to lower 18 inches of
stems
-Thoroughly wet stem, crown, and exposed roots
-Can make treatments throughout the year as long as the bark is not wet or when snow or water
prevent spraying to the ground
Ch.2 Describe how and when to make an effective cut-stump treatment - ✔✔-Recommended for
plants with thick bark or trunk is greater than 5 inches in diameter.
-Thoroughly wet plant so runoff covers barks, crown buds, exposed roots, root collar, outer portion of
cut surface.
-Should be applied to cut surface before exposed plant tissue dries, within 2-3 hours.
Ch.2 Describe ways that weeds can pose problems in turf and landscapes (7) - ✔✔-Interfere with
management practices
-Produce chemical inhibitors that directly retard the growth of desirable plants (allelopathy)
-Create a poor impression on customers
-Interferes with pesticide applications
-Support insect pests and plant diseases or provide cover for rodents
-Are poisonous, allergenic, or irritating to people or pets
-Dry out or die and become fire hazards
Ch.2 Distinguish grasses from broadleaf plants and woody from herbaceous plants - ✔✔-Grasses
(Monocots): most common weeds; have a single seed leaf (cotyledon) when they germinate; narrow
leaves with parallel viens
-Broadleaves (Dicots): have 2 seed leaves when they germinate; veins form a net-like or branching
pattern; can be broken down into Woody and Herbaceous plants
--> Woody: have thickened outer layer on stems (bark)
--> Herbaceous: lacks bark
Ch.2 Distinguish the difference between preplant, preemergence, and postemergence herbicide
applications - ✔✔-Preplant: done before planting.
-Preemergence: usually (not always) done after planting but before plants/weeds emerge.
-Postemergence: done selectively after plants/weeds emerge; timing is important; if the desirable
plant is smaller or larger than the growth stage listed on the label, it may be damaged by the
herbicide.
Ch.2 Explain the effects of soil texture, organic matter, and pH and herbicide persistence on herbicide
activity - ✔✔-Fine textured soils or soils with high organic matter often require higher herbicide rates
than soils with coarser texture or low organic matter.
-Some herbicides prohibit product use on certain soils with a light texture, low organic matter, or high
pH to guard against excessive plant damage or herbicide persistence.
-Excessive leaching on sandy soils with shallow water tables may result in groundwater contamination.
