MGA GA HISTORY EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Cotton Gin - Answer -A machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from
their seeds, enabling much greater productivity than manual cotton separation. The
fibers are then processed into various cotton goods such as linens, while any
undamaged cotton is used largely for textiles like clothing. The separated seeds may be
used to grow more cotton or to produce cottonseed oil.
Woodland Period - Answer -1000 BC to 900 AD trends during this period
sedentariness, social stratification, elaboration of ritual and ceremony, and
intensification of horticulture.
Early Woodland - Answer -1000 BC to 300 BC ceramic cooking vessels were upgraded
to a sturdier material with the use of sand and grit temper (replaced vegetable fiber).
Pots were more elaborately decorated. Sumpweed was added to domesticated plants
like goosefoot, maygrass, knot weed and sunflower....all were developed during the
Late Archaic.
Middle Woodland Period - Answer -300 BC to 600 BC significant social change;
planned villages (cicular arrangement as many as twenty houses). Corn was introduced
to southeastern US but not a staple in Georgians diets at this time.
Rock mounds - Answer -small dome shaped structures served as burial sites. Some
functioned as stages for ceremonies.
Kolomoki Mounds - Answer -In southwestern Georgia were the largest woodland
settlement in the state and contatined at least 8 mounds (7 have been preserved).
Hopewellian Interaction Sphere - Answer -trading network; marine shell from the Gulf
coast was traded in exchange for exotic stones and cooper from the midwest. Additional
trade items like rocks, minerals, gemstones, chert, crystalline quartz, galena, and mica.
Late Woodland Period - Answer -600 AD to 900 AD construction of mound building
slowed. Trade decreased and corn agriculture became important in North Georgia.
Projectiles or weapons began to appear the bow and arrows used to hunt deer and
other animals. More Fortified settlements appeared as well during this time. Fortification
include ditches and palisades.
Gullah - Answer -West Africans accepted the name of islanders in South Carolina.
Gullah coast spans from Sandy Island So. Carolina to Amelia Florida. Gullah culture
passed through language, agriculture, and spirituality.
Geechee - Answer -West Africans accepted the name of islanders in Georgia.
Geechee culture passed through language, agriculture, and spirituality.
,Lorenzo Dow Turner - Answer -Linguist who publised Gullah dilect lexicon "Africanisims
in the Gullah Dialect" in 1949.
Migration - Answer -Thousands of slaves from Georgia and South Carolina remained
loyal to the British after the American Revolution 1775 - 83. Some migrated to Novia
Scotia Canada and gained freedom. Many returned to Sierra Leone in 1791 and
established Freetown (Captial).
McIntosh County Shouters - Answer -The southeastern ring shout is probably the
oldest surviving African American performance tradition on the North American
continent. It continues to be performed in a black community in McIntosh County on
Georgia's coast. This compelling fusion of counterclockwise dancelike movement, call-
and-response singing, and percussion (in the form of hand-clapping and a stick beating
a drumlike rhythm on a wooden floor) is clearly African in its origins. The ring shout
affirms oneness with the Spirit and with ancestors as well as community cohesiveness.
Seminole Nation - Answer -emerged in a process of ethnogenesis from various Native
American groups who settled in Florida in the 18th century, most significantly northern
Muscogee (Creeks) from what is now Georgia and Alabama.[1] The word "Seminole" is
derived from the Creek word simanó-li, which may itself be derived from the Spanish
word cimarrón, meaning "runaway" or "wild one".
San Miguel de Gualdape - Answer -Founded by the Spanish in 1526 in an area that is
now part of Georgia, this settlement was led by Lucas Vasquez de Allyon. It survived
less than a year due to malaria, mutiny among settlers, an Indian attack and a slave
rebellion. However, before Allyon's death his positive reports encouraged more
Spaniards to come to the New World.
Hernado de Soto - Answer -Commanded 600 Spanish soldiers and marched them from
Florida to southwestern Georgia. His expedition 1539 - 43 his travels were the only at
the time to chronicle Native American chiefdom across the interior of the southeastern
U.S. However, the expedition brought with it plague and diseases that wiped out
massive populations of Native Americans.
Pedro Menendez de Aviles - Answer -a Spanish admiral and explorer from the region
of Asturias, Spain, who is remembered for planning the first regular trans-oceanic
convoys and for founding St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565.
Gullah and Geechee Culture - Answer -The Gullah-Geechee Cultural Heritage Corridor
is a federal National Heritage Area in the United States, representing the significant
story of the Gullah-Geechee people for maintaining their cultural traditions, and for
being a reflection of the values of ingenuity, pride, and perseverance.
Board of Trustees - Answer -Established in Georgia 1732 primarly to help British
Citizens create a mercantile system to supply England with agricultural products.
, Antislavery Law - Answer -The penal colony of the Province of Georgia under James
Oglethorpe banned slavery in 1735, the only one of the thirteen colonies to have done
so. However, it was legalized by royal decree in 1751, in part due to George Whitefield's
support for the institution of slavery.
Winward Coast (Rice Coast) - Answer -Georgia became successful in competing
economically with other slaved based rice economies along the Eastern seaboard. Due
to the fact that they imported slaves from the Winward Coast of West Africa. Most of the
slaves were from Senegambia ( now Senegal and Gambia), Sierra Leone, and Liberia.
Rice, indigo, and cotton were indigenous to the region.
James Edward Oglethorpe - Answer -22 December 1696 - 30 June 1785 was a British
general, Member of Parliament, philanthropist, and founder of the colony of Georgia. As
a social reformer, he hoped to resettle Britain's poor, especially those in debtors'
prisons, in the New World.
Dr. Henry Woodward - Answer -was the first British colonist of colonial South Carolina.
He established relationships with many Native American Indians in the American
southeast. He initiated trade, primarily in deerskins and slaves, with many Indian towns
and tribes.
Apalachee Massacre - Answer -(1704) was an episode in Queen Anne's War. Having
failed to take St. Augustine, Florida, in 1702, former governor James Moore of Carolina
invaded the Apalachee district in western Florida with fifty Englishmen and one
thousand Creek Indians in 1704. Moore defeated Captain Mexia's force of thirty
Spaniards and four hundred Apalachees. Moore's troops pillaged and destroyed all but
one of the fourteen Franciscan mission settlements and captured about fourteen
hundred Christian Indians.
Yamasee War - Answer -(1715-1717) was a conflict between British settlers of colonial
South Carolina and various Native American tribes, including the Muscogee, Cherokee,
Catawba, Apalachee, Apalachicola, Yuchi, Savannah River Shawnee, Congaree,
Waxhaw, Pee Dee, Cape Fear, Cheraw, and others. Some of the Native American
Indian groups played a minor role while others launched attacks throughout South
Carolina in an attempt to destroy the colony.
Fort King George - Answer -The first British garrison of the Georgia colony. Established
in 1721 as the southernmost outpost of British North America, the post became the
stronghold for the coveted southeastern region. Garrisoned from 1721 to 1732, built
under the command of Colonel John "Tuscarora Jack" Barnwell and manned by His
Majesty's Independent Company of Foot.
Fort Frederica - Answer -St. Simons Island served as the British military headquarters
in colonial America. During its heyday, from 1736 to 1758, General James Oglethorpe's
town and fort played a pivotal role in the struggle for empire between the competing
interests of England and Spain.
Cotton Gin - Answer -A machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from
their seeds, enabling much greater productivity than manual cotton separation. The
fibers are then processed into various cotton goods such as linens, while any
undamaged cotton is used largely for textiles like clothing. The separated seeds may be
used to grow more cotton or to produce cottonseed oil.
Woodland Period - Answer -1000 BC to 900 AD trends during this period
sedentariness, social stratification, elaboration of ritual and ceremony, and
intensification of horticulture.
Early Woodland - Answer -1000 BC to 300 BC ceramic cooking vessels were upgraded
to a sturdier material with the use of sand and grit temper (replaced vegetable fiber).
Pots were more elaborately decorated. Sumpweed was added to domesticated plants
like goosefoot, maygrass, knot weed and sunflower....all were developed during the
Late Archaic.
Middle Woodland Period - Answer -300 BC to 600 BC significant social change;
planned villages (cicular arrangement as many as twenty houses). Corn was introduced
to southeastern US but not a staple in Georgians diets at this time.
Rock mounds - Answer -small dome shaped structures served as burial sites. Some
functioned as stages for ceremonies.
Kolomoki Mounds - Answer -In southwestern Georgia were the largest woodland
settlement in the state and contatined at least 8 mounds (7 have been preserved).
Hopewellian Interaction Sphere - Answer -trading network; marine shell from the Gulf
coast was traded in exchange for exotic stones and cooper from the midwest. Additional
trade items like rocks, minerals, gemstones, chert, crystalline quartz, galena, and mica.
Late Woodland Period - Answer -600 AD to 900 AD construction of mound building
slowed. Trade decreased and corn agriculture became important in North Georgia.
Projectiles or weapons began to appear the bow and arrows used to hunt deer and
other animals. More Fortified settlements appeared as well during this time. Fortification
include ditches and palisades.
Gullah - Answer -West Africans accepted the name of islanders in South Carolina.
Gullah coast spans from Sandy Island So. Carolina to Amelia Florida. Gullah culture
passed through language, agriculture, and spirituality.
Geechee - Answer -West Africans accepted the name of islanders in Georgia.
Geechee culture passed through language, agriculture, and spirituality.
,Lorenzo Dow Turner - Answer -Linguist who publised Gullah dilect lexicon "Africanisims
in the Gullah Dialect" in 1949.
Migration - Answer -Thousands of slaves from Georgia and South Carolina remained
loyal to the British after the American Revolution 1775 - 83. Some migrated to Novia
Scotia Canada and gained freedom. Many returned to Sierra Leone in 1791 and
established Freetown (Captial).
McIntosh County Shouters - Answer -The southeastern ring shout is probably the
oldest surviving African American performance tradition on the North American
continent. It continues to be performed in a black community in McIntosh County on
Georgia's coast. This compelling fusion of counterclockwise dancelike movement, call-
and-response singing, and percussion (in the form of hand-clapping and a stick beating
a drumlike rhythm on a wooden floor) is clearly African in its origins. The ring shout
affirms oneness with the Spirit and with ancestors as well as community cohesiveness.
Seminole Nation - Answer -emerged in a process of ethnogenesis from various Native
American groups who settled in Florida in the 18th century, most significantly northern
Muscogee (Creeks) from what is now Georgia and Alabama.[1] The word "Seminole" is
derived from the Creek word simanó-li, which may itself be derived from the Spanish
word cimarrón, meaning "runaway" or "wild one".
San Miguel de Gualdape - Answer -Founded by the Spanish in 1526 in an area that is
now part of Georgia, this settlement was led by Lucas Vasquez de Allyon. It survived
less than a year due to malaria, mutiny among settlers, an Indian attack and a slave
rebellion. However, before Allyon's death his positive reports encouraged more
Spaniards to come to the New World.
Hernado de Soto - Answer -Commanded 600 Spanish soldiers and marched them from
Florida to southwestern Georgia. His expedition 1539 - 43 his travels were the only at
the time to chronicle Native American chiefdom across the interior of the southeastern
U.S. However, the expedition brought with it plague and diseases that wiped out
massive populations of Native Americans.
Pedro Menendez de Aviles - Answer -a Spanish admiral and explorer from the region
of Asturias, Spain, who is remembered for planning the first regular trans-oceanic
convoys and for founding St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565.
Gullah and Geechee Culture - Answer -The Gullah-Geechee Cultural Heritage Corridor
is a federal National Heritage Area in the United States, representing the significant
story of the Gullah-Geechee people for maintaining their cultural traditions, and for
being a reflection of the values of ingenuity, pride, and perseverance.
Board of Trustees - Answer -Established in Georgia 1732 primarly to help British
Citizens create a mercantile system to supply England with agricultural products.
, Antislavery Law - Answer -The penal colony of the Province of Georgia under James
Oglethorpe banned slavery in 1735, the only one of the thirteen colonies to have done
so. However, it was legalized by royal decree in 1751, in part due to George Whitefield's
support for the institution of slavery.
Winward Coast (Rice Coast) - Answer -Georgia became successful in competing
economically with other slaved based rice economies along the Eastern seaboard. Due
to the fact that they imported slaves from the Winward Coast of West Africa. Most of the
slaves were from Senegambia ( now Senegal and Gambia), Sierra Leone, and Liberia.
Rice, indigo, and cotton were indigenous to the region.
James Edward Oglethorpe - Answer -22 December 1696 - 30 June 1785 was a British
general, Member of Parliament, philanthropist, and founder of the colony of Georgia. As
a social reformer, he hoped to resettle Britain's poor, especially those in debtors'
prisons, in the New World.
Dr. Henry Woodward - Answer -was the first British colonist of colonial South Carolina.
He established relationships with many Native American Indians in the American
southeast. He initiated trade, primarily in deerskins and slaves, with many Indian towns
and tribes.
Apalachee Massacre - Answer -(1704) was an episode in Queen Anne's War. Having
failed to take St. Augustine, Florida, in 1702, former governor James Moore of Carolina
invaded the Apalachee district in western Florida with fifty Englishmen and one
thousand Creek Indians in 1704. Moore defeated Captain Mexia's force of thirty
Spaniards and four hundred Apalachees. Moore's troops pillaged and destroyed all but
one of the fourteen Franciscan mission settlements and captured about fourteen
hundred Christian Indians.
Yamasee War - Answer -(1715-1717) was a conflict between British settlers of colonial
South Carolina and various Native American tribes, including the Muscogee, Cherokee,
Catawba, Apalachee, Apalachicola, Yuchi, Savannah River Shawnee, Congaree,
Waxhaw, Pee Dee, Cape Fear, Cheraw, and others. Some of the Native American
Indian groups played a minor role while others launched attacks throughout South
Carolina in an attempt to destroy the colony.
Fort King George - Answer -The first British garrison of the Georgia colony. Established
in 1721 as the southernmost outpost of British North America, the post became the
stronghold for the coveted southeastern region. Garrisoned from 1721 to 1732, built
under the command of Colonel John "Tuscarora Jack" Barnwell and manned by His
Majesty's Independent Company of Foot.
Fort Frederica - Answer -St. Simons Island served as the British military headquarters
in colonial America. During its heyday, from 1736 to 1758, General James Oglethorpe's
town and fort played a pivotal role in the struggle for empire between the competing
interests of England and Spain.
