HP 200 Exam #2 questions and correct
answers rated A+
confirmation bias - correct answer ✔✔ "set of priors", don't process information contradicting
our beliefs
-Less likely to change opinion on something you've already decided on; Gets in way of seeing
the world
Ex. drug use is evenly distributed among the population (both biologically and in environment)
Wealthy person with drug problem= they have weakness merely, need treatment Poor person=
morally flawed
Ex. brock turner- short jail sentence for rape because wealthy; poor person would traditionally
be punished harshly PH system hurts people with less resources
Racist--We live in a culture that is, but we can work against it
epidemiology - correct answer ✔✔ the study of the distribution and determinants of health
related states or events in specific populations, and the application of this study to control
health problems
ethics, epistemology, metaphysics - correct answer ✔✔ 3 major areas of philosophy
epistemology - correct answer ✔✔ study of knowledge
metaphysics - correct answer ✔✔ study of the nature of reality
,philodoxy - correct answer ✔✔ literally the love of opinion; letting opinion define reality
consequentialism - correct answer ✔✔ looking at the consequences; the end does justify the
means
telelogy - correct answer ✔✔ consequentialism
formalism - correct answer ✔✔ looking at the act; the end does not justify the means
nonconsequentialism - correct answer ✔✔ formalism (non)
deontelogical - correct answer ✔✔ formalism
ethics - correct answer ✔✔ moral philosophy; study of morality
ethical decision-making process - correct answer ✔✔ 1) define the problem, identify the ethical
issues, and seek answers to relevant questions
2) identify who will be affected by the decisions
3) contemplate ultimate goals and the ideals of a moral person
4) identify alternatives (viable courses of action)
5) consider the probable consequences of each alternative
6) consider the nature of the alternatives
,7) reflect on yourself
8) reflect on your society and your environment
9) apply the categorical imperative
10) choose and act on your choice
(10 steps) define problem, identify affected, contemplate goals, identify alternatives, consider
consequences, nature of alts, reflect on self/society/enviro, categorical imperative, act on
choice - correct answer ✔✔ making ethical decisions steps
categorical imperative - correct answer ✔✔ would you want others to act in this same way?
context - correct answer ✔✔ when an ethical decision is made, these must be considered:
place, time, identity, social relationships, the ideal/most noble alt, the concrete, seriousness
autonomy - correct answer ✔✔ people get to make their own decision and those w/ diminished
capacity must be protected
nonmaleficience and beneficience (benevolence) - correct answer ✔✔ goodness/rightness is
subdivided into two related principles
beneficence - correct answer ✔✔ Doing or producing good; performing acts of kindness and
charity
-doing good, actions that provide for the greater good of the community
, -maximizing benefits for subjects
benevolence - correct answer ✔✔ Having a disposition to do good; possessing or manifesting
love to mankind, and a desire to promote their prosperity and happiness; disposed to give to
good objects; kind; charitable
non-maleficence - correct answer ✔✔ first duty is to do no harm
confidentiality - correct answer ✔✔ an element of informed consent; most social scientific
research
-research might be able to identify a subject by sight, name/address/administrative record
number or distinguishing feature or information
-researcher can identify a given person's responses but promises not to do so publicly
anonymity - correct answer ✔✔ the researcher cannot identify a given response with a given
respondent
-no way to link data with the respondent
ex. random digit dialing telephone surveys where the number is not recorded, no voice
recording of responses, and no identifying info from subject if provided
-identifying info= name, address, SSN, medical records number, etc.
individual freedom - correct answer ✔✔ (equality principle or principle of autonomy)-people
must have the freedom to choose their own way of being ethical within the framework of the
other principles
answers rated A+
confirmation bias - correct answer ✔✔ "set of priors", don't process information contradicting
our beliefs
-Less likely to change opinion on something you've already decided on; Gets in way of seeing
the world
Ex. drug use is evenly distributed among the population (both biologically and in environment)
Wealthy person with drug problem= they have weakness merely, need treatment Poor person=
morally flawed
Ex. brock turner- short jail sentence for rape because wealthy; poor person would traditionally
be punished harshly PH system hurts people with less resources
Racist--We live in a culture that is, but we can work against it
epidemiology - correct answer ✔✔ the study of the distribution and determinants of health
related states or events in specific populations, and the application of this study to control
health problems
ethics, epistemology, metaphysics - correct answer ✔✔ 3 major areas of philosophy
epistemology - correct answer ✔✔ study of knowledge
metaphysics - correct answer ✔✔ study of the nature of reality
,philodoxy - correct answer ✔✔ literally the love of opinion; letting opinion define reality
consequentialism - correct answer ✔✔ looking at the consequences; the end does justify the
means
telelogy - correct answer ✔✔ consequentialism
formalism - correct answer ✔✔ looking at the act; the end does not justify the means
nonconsequentialism - correct answer ✔✔ formalism (non)
deontelogical - correct answer ✔✔ formalism
ethics - correct answer ✔✔ moral philosophy; study of morality
ethical decision-making process - correct answer ✔✔ 1) define the problem, identify the ethical
issues, and seek answers to relevant questions
2) identify who will be affected by the decisions
3) contemplate ultimate goals and the ideals of a moral person
4) identify alternatives (viable courses of action)
5) consider the probable consequences of each alternative
6) consider the nature of the alternatives
,7) reflect on yourself
8) reflect on your society and your environment
9) apply the categorical imperative
10) choose and act on your choice
(10 steps) define problem, identify affected, contemplate goals, identify alternatives, consider
consequences, nature of alts, reflect on self/society/enviro, categorical imperative, act on
choice - correct answer ✔✔ making ethical decisions steps
categorical imperative - correct answer ✔✔ would you want others to act in this same way?
context - correct answer ✔✔ when an ethical decision is made, these must be considered:
place, time, identity, social relationships, the ideal/most noble alt, the concrete, seriousness
autonomy - correct answer ✔✔ people get to make their own decision and those w/ diminished
capacity must be protected
nonmaleficience and beneficience (benevolence) - correct answer ✔✔ goodness/rightness is
subdivided into two related principles
beneficence - correct answer ✔✔ Doing or producing good; performing acts of kindness and
charity
-doing good, actions that provide for the greater good of the community
, -maximizing benefits for subjects
benevolence - correct answer ✔✔ Having a disposition to do good; possessing or manifesting
love to mankind, and a desire to promote their prosperity and happiness; disposed to give to
good objects; kind; charitable
non-maleficence - correct answer ✔✔ first duty is to do no harm
confidentiality - correct answer ✔✔ an element of informed consent; most social scientific
research
-research might be able to identify a subject by sight, name/address/administrative record
number or distinguishing feature or information
-researcher can identify a given person's responses but promises not to do so publicly
anonymity - correct answer ✔✔ the researcher cannot identify a given response with a given
respondent
-no way to link data with the respondent
ex. random digit dialing telephone surveys where the number is not recorded, no voice
recording of responses, and no identifying info from subject if provided
-identifying info= name, address, SSN, medical records number, etc.
individual freedom - correct answer ✔✔ (equality principle or principle of autonomy)-people
must have the freedom to choose their own way of being ethical within the framework of the
other principles
