Healthcare Values and Ethics (C426) UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
1. Normative Ethics Attempt to determine what moral standards should be followed
so that human behavior and conduct may be morally right.
2. Consequential Ethics Theory of ethics emphasizes that the morally right action is
whatever action leads to the maximum balance of good over
evil.
- What will be the effects of each course of action?
- Will they be positive or negative?
- Who will benefit?
- What will do the least harm?
3. Utilitarian Ethics The concept that the moral worth of an action is determined
solely by its contribution to overall usefulness.
4. Deontological Ethics an ethical approach that focuses on duty rather than on the con-
sequences, when determining the right conduct to be followed
5. Nonconsequential Ethics An ethical theory that denies the consequences of an action or
rule are the only criteria for determining the morality of an action
or rule.
The rightness or wrongness of an action is based on properties
intrinsic to the action, not on its consequences.
6. Ethical Relativism Morality is relative to the norms of one's culture in which one
lives.
Actions can be considered right or wrong depending on the
accepted norms of the society in which they are practiced
7. 4 principles of ethics 1. Beneficence
2. Nonmaleficence
, 3. Autonomy
4. Justice
8. Beneficence Doing good or causing good to be done; kindly action.
9. Nonmaleficence Duty to do no harm
10. Autonomy The right of a person to make one's own decision.
11. Justice obligation to be fair in the distribution of benefits and risks
12. Ethics Committee Composi- A multidisciplinary group of people consisting of ethicists, edu-
tion cators, clinicians, legal advisers, and political leaders, clergy, QI
managers, and corporate leaders.
13. Ethics Committee Function Development of policy and procedure guidelines to resolve
ethical dilemmas; staff and community education; conflict res-
olution; case reviews, support, and consultation; and political
advocacy.
14. Common Law judge made law
15. Statutory Law Written law emanating from federal and state legislative bodies.
16. Administrative Law The extensive body of public law issued by administrative agen-
cies to direct the enacted laws of the federal and state govern-
ments.
The branch of law that controls the administrative operations of
governments.
17. Elements of Negligence Duty+Breach+Cause+Damages= Negligence
18. Duty to Care Duty is defined as a legal obligation of care, performance, or
observance imposed on one to safeguard the rights of others.
, This duty may arise from a special relationship such as that
between a physician and a patient.
19. Breach of Duty Failure to use the degree of care required under the circum-
stances.
20. Negligence Breach of the duty of care
21. Tort Law A civil wrong, other than a breach of contract, committed against
a person or property (real or personal) for which a court pro-
vides a remedy in the form of an action for damages
22. Contract Elements- (OACCLP) Offer, Acceptence, Consideration, Capacity, Legal Process
23. Privacy Act of 1974 Enacted to safeguard individual privacy from the misuse of fed-
eral records, to give individuals access to records concerning
themselves that are maintained by federal agencies, and to
establish a Privacy Protection Safety Commission.
24. Health Insurance Portabil- Designed to protect the privacy, confidentiality, and security of
ity and Accountability Act patient information.
(HIPAA)
25. How do privacy laws differ They differ in what records are available to be accesses as well
from state to state? as amended.
26. Emergency Medical Treat- Designed to forbid Medicare-participating hospitals from
ment and Active Labor Act "dumping" patients out of emergency departments that are
(EMTALA) seeking treatment for a medical condition.
27. Healthcare Quality Improve- Enacted in 1986 to provide those persons giving information
ment Act (HCQIA) to professional review bodies and those assisting in review
activities limited immunity from damages that may arise as a
Answers
1. Normative Ethics Attempt to determine what moral standards should be followed
so that human behavior and conduct may be morally right.
2. Consequential Ethics Theory of ethics emphasizes that the morally right action is
whatever action leads to the maximum balance of good over
evil.
- What will be the effects of each course of action?
- Will they be positive or negative?
- Who will benefit?
- What will do the least harm?
3. Utilitarian Ethics The concept that the moral worth of an action is determined
solely by its contribution to overall usefulness.
4. Deontological Ethics an ethical approach that focuses on duty rather than on the con-
sequences, when determining the right conduct to be followed
5. Nonconsequential Ethics An ethical theory that denies the consequences of an action or
rule are the only criteria for determining the morality of an action
or rule.
The rightness or wrongness of an action is based on properties
intrinsic to the action, not on its consequences.
6. Ethical Relativism Morality is relative to the norms of one's culture in which one
lives.
Actions can be considered right or wrong depending on the
accepted norms of the society in which they are practiced
7. 4 principles of ethics 1. Beneficence
2. Nonmaleficence
, 3. Autonomy
4. Justice
8. Beneficence Doing good or causing good to be done; kindly action.
9. Nonmaleficence Duty to do no harm
10. Autonomy The right of a person to make one's own decision.
11. Justice obligation to be fair in the distribution of benefits and risks
12. Ethics Committee Composi- A multidisciplinary group of people consisting of ethicists, edu-
tion cators, clinicians, legal advisers, and political leaders, clergy, QI
managers, and corporate leaders.
13. Ethics Committee Function Development of policy and procedure guidelines to resolve
ethical dilemmas; staff and community education; conflict res-
olution; case reviews, support, and consultation; and political
advocacy.
14. Common Law judge made law
15. Statutory Law Written law emanating from federal and state legislative bodies.
16. Administrative Law The extensive body of public law issued by administrative agen-
cies to direct the enacted laws of the federal and state govern-
ments.
The branch of law that controls the administrative operations of
governments.
17. Elements of Negligence Duty+Breach+Cause+Damages= Negligence
18. Duty to Care Duty is defined as a legal obligation of care, performance, or
observance imposed on one to safeguard the rights of others.
, This duty may arise from a special relationship such as that
between a physician and a patient.
19. Breach of Duty Failure to use the degree of care required under the circum-
stances.
20. Negligence Breach of the duty of care
21. Tort Law A civil wrong, other than a breach of contract, committed against
a person or property (real or personal) for which a court pro-
vides a remedy in the form of an action for damages
22. Contract Elements- (OACCLP) Offer, Acceptence, Consideration, Capacity, Legal Process
23. Privacy Act of 1974 Enacted to safeguard individual privacy from the misuse of fed-
eral records, to give individuals access to records concerning
themselves that are maintained by federal agencies, and to
establish a Privacy Protection Safety Commission.
24. Health Insurance Portabil- Designed to protect the privacy, confidentiality, and security of
ity and Accountability Act patient information.
(HIPAA)
25. How do privacy laws differ They differ in what records are available to be accesses as well
from state to state? as amended.
26. Emergency Medical Treat- Designed to forbid Medicare-participating hospitals from
ment and Active Labor Act "dumping" patients out of emergency departments that are
(EMTALA) seeking treatment for a medical condition.
27. Healthcare Quality Improve- Enacted in 1986 to provide those persons giving information
ment Act (HCQIA) to professional review bodies and those assisting in review
activities limited immunity from damages that may arise as a
