Biochemistry
Study Guide
Authored by a Biochemistry Professor
THE GLYCOLYSIS
PATHWAY:
A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE
An In-Depth Guide to Enzymes, Regulation,
and Clinical Correlations
,Author: Assoc. Prof. Dr Zeynep Caliskan, Department of Medical
Biochemistry
Copyright © 2025 The Curious Biochemist. All rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage
and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the
author.
Disclaimer
This study guide has been prepared solely for educational and
academic purposes. The content is based on standard medical
textbooks and is not intended to replace clinical judgment or
professional medical advice. Students are advised to consult
qualified healthcare professionals in real clinical settings.
Contents
Overview of Glycolysis (Aerobic vs. Anaerobic)........ Page 3
Energy Investment Phase (Steps 1-5).......................... Page 4
Energy Production Phase (Steps 6-10) ....................... Page 7
Energy Yield & Shuttle Systems.................................... Page 11
Clinical Correlations ....................................................... Page 13
Key Characteristics in Glycolysis.................................. Page 17
, 3
GLYCOLYSIS
GENERAL
Glycolysis is the process where glucose is broken
down to provide energy (in the form of ATP) and
intermediate products for other metabolic
pathways. It's a central part of carbohydrate
metabolism.
AEROBIC ANAEROBIC
GLYCOLYSIS GLYCOLYSIS
In cells with mitochondria and enough If oxygen is limited, or in cells
oxygen, glucose is broken down into without mitochondria (like red blood
two molecules of pyruvate through 10
cells), pyruvate is converted to lactate
enzymatic steps. This pyruvate then
using NADH.
prepares to enter the citric acid cycle by
becoming acetyl-CoA.
STAGES OF GLYCOLYSIS
The conversion of glucose to pyruvate happens in two main phases:
Study Guide
Authored by a Biochemistry Professor
THE GLYCOLYSIS
PATHWAY:
A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE
An In-Depth Guide to Enzymes, Regulation,
and Clinical Correlations
,Author: Assoc. Prof. Dr Zeynep Caliskan, Department of Medical
Biochemistry
Copyright © 2025 The Curious Biochemist. All rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage
and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the
author.
Disclaimer
This study guide has been prepared solely for educational and
academic purposes. The content is based on standard medical
textbooks and is not intended to replace clinical judgment or
professional medical advice. Students are advised to consult
qualified healthcare professionals in real clinical settings.
Contents
Overview of Glycolysis (Aerobic vs. Anaerobic)........ Page 3
Energy Investment Phase (Steps 1-5).......................... Page 4
Energy Production Phase (Steps 6-10) ....................... Page 7
Energy Yield & Shuttle Systems.................................... Page 11
Clinical Correlations ....................................................... Page 13
Key Characteristics in Glycolysis.................................. Page 17
, 3
GLYCOLYSIS
GENERAL
Glycolysis is the process where glucose is broken
down to provide energy (in the form of ATP) and
intermediate products for other metabolic
pathways. It's a central part of carbohydrate
metabolism.
AEROBIC ANAEROBIC
GLYCOLYSIS GLYCOLYSIS
In cells with mitochondria and enough If oxygen is limited, or in cells
oxygen, glucose is broken down into without mitochondria (like red blood
two molecules of pyruvate through 10
cells), pyruvate is converted to lactate
enzymatic steps. This pyruvate then
using NADH.
prepares to enter the citric acid cycle by
becoming acetyl-CoA.
STAGES OF GLYCOLYSIS
The conversion of glucose to pyruvate happens in two main phases:
