NUR 208 Quiz 2 Questions with 100%
Detailed Answers Latest Versions 2025
Graded A+
Nursing correct answers nurturance or care
Culture Care Diversity and Universality (Leininger) correct answers - emphasizes care as
"distinct, dominant, unifying, and central focus of nursing"
- Her theory of culture care diversity and universality is based on the assumption that nurses
must understand different cultures in order to function effectively.
- When nursing care fails to be reasonably congruent with the client's beliefs, lifeways, and
values, signs of conflict, noncompliance, and stress may arise.
- Culturally congruent care involves three action-decision care approaches:
(1) preservation of the client's familiar lifeways
(2) accommodations that help clients adapt to or negotiate for satisfying care
(3) repatterning nursing care to help the client move toward wellness
- further defines caring as "assistive, supportive, and enabling experiences or ideas towards
others with evident or anticipated needs, to ameliorate or improve a human condition or lifeway"
Theory of Bureaucratic Caring (Ray) correct answers - The theory suggests that caring in nursing
is contextual and is influenced by the organizational structure and the role and position a person
held.
- the meaning of caring varied: an intensive care unit had a dominant value of technologic caring
(i.e., monitors, ventilators, treatments, and pharmacotherapeutics), and an oncology unit had a
value of a more intimate, spiritual caring (i.e., family focused, comforting, compassionate)
- Staff nurses valued caring in terms of its relatedness to clients, whereas administrators valued
caring as more system related, such as safeguarding the economic well-being of the hospital
- spiritual-ethical caring influences each aspect of the bureaucratic system (technologic,
physical, legal, political, economic, social-cultural, and educational). Each of these aspects is
different, but they make up a whole bureaucratic system (e.g., a hospital).
,- Nurses make these choices with the interest of the client at heart and use ethical principles as
the foundation for the basis of professional decision making.
- "Spiritual-ethical caring for nursing does not question whether or not to care in complex
systems, but intimates how sincere deliberations and ultimately the facilitation of choices for the
good of others can or should be accomplished"
Caring, the Human Mode of Being (Roach) correct answers - All individuals are caring, and
develop their caring abilities by being true to self, being real, and being who they truly are. Thus,
caring is not unique to nursing.
- visualizes caring to be unique in nursing however, because caring is the center of all attributes
she uses to describe nursing.
- Roach defines these attributes as the six C's of caring: compassion, competence, confidence,
conscience, commitment, and comportment.
Compassion correct answers Awareness of one's relationship to others, sharing their joys,
sorrows, pain, and accomplishments. Participation in the experience of another.
Competence correct answers Having the "knowledge, judgment, skills, energy, experience and
motivation required to respond adequately to the demands of one's professional responsibilities"
Confidence correct answers Comfort with self, client, and others that allows one to build trusting
relationships.
Conscience correct answers Morals, ethics, and an informed sense of right and wrong. Awareness
of personal responsibility.
Commitment correct answers The deliberate choice to act in accordance with one's desires as
well as obligations, resulting in investment of self in a task or cause.
Comportment correct answers Appropriate bearing, demeanor, dress, and language that are in
harmony with a caring presence. Presenting oneself as someone who respects others and
demands respect.
,Nursing as Caring (Boykin and Schoenhofer) correct answers - purpose of the discipline and
profession of nursing is to know people and nurture them as individuals living and growing in
caring
- Respect for people as caring individuals and respect for what matters to them are assumptions
underlying the theory of nursing as caring.
Theory of Human Care (Watson) correct answers - Assumptions of Watson's theory and nursing
interventions related to human care, or her carative factors
- Watson emphasizes nursing's commitment to care of the whole person as well as a concern for
the health of individuals and groups
- The nurse and client are coparticipants in the client's movement toward health and wholeness.
- This human connection is labeled transpersonal human caring, through which the nurse enters
into the experience of the client, and the client can enter into the nurse's experience.
-Watson emphasizes that the practice of nursing is both transpersonal and metaphysical. While
the nurse maintains professional objectivity as a scientist, scholar, clinician, and moral agent, the
nurse is also subjectively engaged in the interpersonal relationship with the client.
- Within the actual caring situation, each person (nurse and client) seeks a sense of harmony
within the mind, body, and soul, thereby actualizing the real self.
Social and Ethical Responsibilities of Nurses in Relation to Caring correct answers • The nurse
must care for the self in order to care for others.
• Nurses must remain committed to human care ideals.
• Cultivation of a higher/deeper self and a higher consciousness leads to caring.
• Human care can only be demonstrated through interpersonal relationships.
• Honoring the connectedness of all (unitary consciousness) leads to transpersonal caring-
healing.
• Education and practice systems must be based on human values and concern for the welfare of
others.
, Theory of Caring (Swanson) correct answers - defines caring as "a nurturing way of relating to a
valued 'other,' toward whom one feels a personal sense of commitment and responsibility"
- An assumption of her theory is that a client's well-being should be enhanced through the caring
of a nurse who understands the common human responses to a specific health problem.
-The theory focuses on caring processes as nursing interventions. Swanson's theory was
developed through interactions with parents at the time of pregnancy, miscarriage, and birth.
Caring Processes from Swanson's Theory of Caring
-provide guidance to nurses who work with pregnant and postpartum clients. correct answers
KNOWING
- Striving to understand an event as it has meaning in the life of the other
Avoiding assumptions
Centering on the one cared for
Assessing thoroughly
Seeing cues
Engaging the self of both
BEING WITH
Being emotionally present to the other
Being there
Conveying ability
Sharing feelings
Not burdening
DOING FOR
Doing for the other as he/she would do for the self if it were at all possible
Comforting
Anticipating
Detailed Answers Latest Versions 2025
Graded A+
Nursing correct answers nurturance or care
Culture Care Diversity and Universality (Leininger) correct answers - emphasizes care as
"distinct, dominant, unifying, and central focus of nursing"
- Her theory of culture care diversity and universality is based on the assumption that nurses
must understand different cultures in order to function effectively.
- When nursing care fails to be reasonably congruent with the client's beliefs, lifeways, and
values, signs of conflict, noncompliance, and stress may arise.
- Culturally congruent care involves three action-decision care approaches:
(1) preservation of the client's familiar lifeways
(2) accommodations that help clients adapt to or negotiate for satisfying care
(3) repatterning nursing care to help the client move toward wellness
- further defines caring as "assistive, supportive, and enabling experiences or ideas towards
others with evident or anticipated needs, to ameliorate or improve a human condition or lifeway"
Theory of Bureaucratic Caring (Ray) correct answers - The theory suggests that caring in nursing
is contextual and is influenced by the organizational structure and the role and position a person
held.
- the meaning of caring varied: an intensive care unit had a dominant value of technologic caring
(i.e., monitors, ventilators, treatments, and pharmacotherapeutics), and an oncology unit had a
value of a more intimate, spiritual caring (i.e., family focused, comforting, compassionate)
- Staff nurses valued caring in terms of its relatedness to clients, whereas administrators valued
caring as more system related, such as safeguarding the economic well-being of the hospital
- spiritual-ethical caring influences each aspect of the bureaucratic system (technologic,
physical, legal, political, economic, social-cultural, and educational). Each of these aspects is
different, but they make up a whole bureaucratic system (e.g., a hospital).
,- Nurses make these choices with the interest of the client at heart and use ethical principles as
the foundation for the basis of professional decision making.
- "Spiritual-ethical caring for nursing does not question whether or not to care in complex
systems, but intimates how sincere deliberations and ultimately the facilitation of choices for the
good of others can or should be accomplished"
Caring, the Human Mode of Being (Roach) correct answers - All individuals are caring, and
develop their caring abilities by being true to self, being real, and being who they truly are. Thus,
caring is not unique to nursing.
- visualizes caring to be unique in nursing however, because caring is the center of all attributes
she uses to describe nursing.
- Roach defines these attributes as the six C's of caring: compassion, competence, confidence,
conscience, commitment, and comportment.
Compassion correct answers Awareness of one's relationship to others, sharing their joys,
sorrows, pain, and accomplishments. Participation in the experience of another.
Competence correct answers Having the "knowledge, judgment, skills, energy, experience and
motivation required to respond adequately to the demands of one's professional responsibilities"
Confidence correct answers Comfort with self, client, and others that allows one to build trusting
relationships.
Conscience correct answers Morals, ethics, and an informed sense of right and wrong. Awareness
of personal responsibility.
Commitment correct answers The deliberate choice to act in accordance with one's desires as
well as obligations, resulting in investment of self in a task or cause.
Comportment correct answers Appropriate bearing, demeanor, dress, and language that are in
harmony with a caring presence. Presenting oneself as someone who respects others and
demands respect.
,Nursing as Caring (Boykin and Schoenhofer) correct answers - purpose of the discipline and
profession of nursing is to know people and nurture them as individuals living and growing in
caring
- Respect for people as caring individuals and respect for what matters to them are assumptions
underlying the theory of nursing as caring.
Theory of Human Care (Watson) correct answers - Assumptions of Watson's theory and nursing
interventions related to human care, or her carative factors
- Watson emphasizes nursing's commitment to care of the whole person as well as a concern for
the health of individuals and groups
- The nurse and client are coparticipants in the client's movement toward health and wholeness.
- This human connection is labeled transpersonal human caring, through which the nurse enters
into the experience of the client, and the client can enter into the nurse's experience.
-Watson emphasizes that the practice of nursing is both transpersonal and metaphysical. While
the nurse maintains professional objectivity as a scientist, scholar, clinician, and moral agent, the
nurse is also subjectively engaged in the interpersonal relationship with the client.
- Within the actual caring situation, each person (nurse and client) seeks a sense of harmony
within the mind, body, and soul, thereby actualizing the real self.
Social and Ethical Responsibilities of Nurses in Relation to Caring correct answers • The nurse
must care for the self in order to care for others.
• Nurses must remain committed to human care ideals.
• Cultivation of a higher/deeper self and a higher consciousness leads to caring.
• Human care can only be demonstrated through interpersonal relationships.
• Honoring the connectedness of all (unitary consciousness) leads to transpersonal caring-
healing.
• Education and practice systems must be based on human values and concern for the welfare of
others.
, Theory of Caring (Swanson) correct answers - defines caring as "a nurturing way of relating to a
valued 'other,' toward whom one feels a personal sense of commitment and responsibility"
- An assumption of her theory is that a client's well-being should be enhanced through the caring
of a nurse who understands the common human responses to a specific health problem.
-The theory focuses on caring processes as nursing interventions. Swanson's theory was
developed through interactions with parents at the time of pregnancy, miscarriage, and birth.
Caring Processes from Swanson's Theory of Caring
-provide guidance to nurses who work with pregnant and postpartum clients. correct answers
KNOWING
- Striving to understand an event as it has meaning in the life of the other
Avoiding assumptions
Centering on the one cared for
Assessing thoroughly
Seeing cues
Engaging the self of both
BEING WITH
Being emotionally present to the other
Being there
Conveying ability
Sharing feelings
Not burdening
DOING FOR
Doing for the other as he/she would do for the self if it were at all possible
Comforting
Anticipating
