Manager of Landfill Operations
(MOLO) - United States questions and
answers
What is Alternative Daily Cover (ADC)? - ANS ✔Cover other than soil, such as spray slurries,
tarps, foams, vegetative waste and ash.
What is aerobic decomposition? - ANS ✔Degradation of organic wastes in the presence of
oxygen by microorganisms & bacteria.
What are the by-products of aerobic decomposition? - ANS ✔Carbon dioxide gas, heat, & solid
material (compost).
Composting is an example of what process? - ANS ✔Aerobic decompostition
Agricultural waste is composed of . . .? - ANS ✔Crop residues, animal manures, & other waste
from agricultural operations.
What is anaerobic digestion? - ANS ✔Degradation of organic wastes in the absence of oxygen by
microorganisms & bacteria.
What are the by-products of anaerobic decomposition? - ANS ✔Biogas (methane (CH4) &
carbon dioxide(CO2)) and solid material (digestate).
Waste degradation in a landfill is an example of what process? - ANS ✔Anaerobic
decomposition
,What is automated collection? - ANS ✔Solid Waste collection by mechanical means.
What is fully automated collection? - ANS ✔Fully automated collection requires no manual
labor to grasp containers.
What is semiautomated collection? - ANS ✔Requires manual labor to position containers for
mechanical grasping
Define beneficial use. - ANS ✔Utilization or reuse of a material that would otherwise become
solid waste.
Provide 3 examples of beneficial use. - ANS ✔Examples include landfill cover, aggregate
substitute, fuel substitute or the feedstock in a manufacturing process.
What is biodegradable waste? - ANS ✔Waste materials capable of being biologically
decomposed by microorganisms and bacteria.
Provide 3 examples of biodegradable waste. - ANS ✔Organic wastes such as paper, wood, food
and plants are biodegradable
What is a bioreactor landfill? - ANS ✔Engineered landfill or landfill cell where liquid and gas are
actively managed in order to accelerate or enhance biostabilization of waste.
What is biostabalization? - ANS ✔Biological decay of organic wastes through process that
reduces leachate and landfill gas generation.
What is a bottle bill? - ANS ✔Law that requires payment of a deposit on specified beverage
containers at time of purchase and the subsequent refund of the deposit when consumers
return the containers for redemption.
, What are laws like the Bottle Bill designed to do? - ANS ✔Encourage container recycling and
discourage littering.
What are bulky wastes? - ANS ✔Large discarded materials such as appliances, furniture,
automobile parts
What are Buy Recycled programs? - ANS ✔Programs that emphasize purchase of products that
contain a specified or maximum level of post consumer content and/or recyclable materials
content that does not affect the intended use of the product.
What is a buyback center? - ANS ✔Facility that refunds deposits on containers subject to bottle
bill redemption and/or purchases recyclable materials.
What is C&D debris? - ANS ✔Waste materials resulting from the construction and demolition
(C&D) of buildings and other structures.
What type of waste materials does C&D debris include? - ANS ✔Metals, wood, gypsum, asphalt
shingles, roofing, concrete, rocks, rubble, soil, paper, plastics and glass.
What is not included in C&D debris? - ANS ✔Putrescible wastes
What does is the capture rate for recyclable materials? - ANS ✔Ratio of quantity of recyclable
materials diverted for recovery to the total quantity of recyclables available.
What does the Carbone case refer to? - ANS ✔1994 case where the Supreme Court overturned
a local ordinance requiring all solid waste within the Town of Clarkstown to be processed at a
designated, privately owned transfer station.
(MOLO) - United States questions and
answers
What is Alternative Daily Cover (ADC)? - ANS ✔Cover other than soil, such as spray slurries,
tarps, foams, vegetative waste and ash.
What is aerobic decomposition? - ANS ✔Degradation of organic wastes in the presence of
oxygen by microorganisms & bacteria.
What are the by-products of aerobic decomposition? - ANS ✔Carbon dioxide gas, heat, & solid
material (compost).
Composting is an example of what process? - ANS ✔Aerobic decompostition
Agricultural waste is composed of . . .? - ANS ✔Crop residues, animal manures, & other waste
from agricultural operations.
What is anaerobic digestion? - ANS ✔Degradation of organic wastes in the absence of oxygen by
microorganisms & bacteria.
What are the by-products of anaerobic decomposition? - ANS ✔Biogas (methane (CH4) &
carbon dioxide(CO2)) and solid material (digestate).
Waste degradation in a landfill is an example of what process? - ANS ✔Anaerobic
decomposition
,What is automated collection? - ANS ✔Solid Waste collection by mechanical means.
What is fully automated collection? - ANS ✔Fully automated collection requires no manual
labor to grasp containers.
What is semiautomated collection? - ANS ✔Requires manual labor to position containers for
mechanical grasping
Define beneficial use. - ANS ✔Utilization or reuse of a material that would otherwise become
solid waste.
Provide 3 examples of beneficial use. - ANS ✔Examples include landfill cover, aggregate
substitute, fuel substitute or the feedstock in a manufacturing process.
What is biodegradable waste? - ANS ✔Waste materials capable of being biologically
decomposed by microorganisms and bacteria.
Provide 3 examples of biodegradable waste. - ANS ✔Organic wastes such as paper, wood, food
and plants are biodegradable
What is a bioreactor landfill? - ANS ✔Engineered landfill or landfill cell where liquid and gas are
actively managed in order to accelerate or enhance biostabilization of waste.
What is biostabalization? - ANS ✔Biological decay of organic wastes through process that
reduces leachate and landfill gas generation.
What is a bottle bill? - ANS ✔Law that requires payment of a deposit on specified beverage
containers at time of purchase and the subsequent refund of the deposit when consumers
return the containers for redemption.
, What are laws like the Bottle Bill designed to do? - ANS ✔Encourage container recycling and
discourage littering.
What are bulky wastes? - ANS ✔Large discarded materials such as appliances, furniture,
automobile parts
What are Buy Recycled programs? - ANS ✔Programs that emphasize purchase of products that
contain a specified or maximum level of post consumer content and/or recyclable materials
content that does not affect the intended use of the product.
What is a buyback center? - ANS ✔Facility that refunds deposits on containers subject to bottle
bill redemption and/or purchases recyclable materials.
What is C&D debris? - ANS ✔Waste materials resulting from the construction and demolition
(C&D) of buildings and other structures.
What type of waste materials does C&D debris include? - ANS ✔Metals, wood, gypsum, asphalt
shingles, roofing, concrete, rocks, rubble, soil, paper, plastics and glass.
What is not included in C&D debris? - ANS ✔Putrescible wastes
What does is the capture rate for recyclable materials? - ANS ✔Ratio of quantity of recyclable
materials diverted for recovery to the total quantity of recyclables available.
What does the Carbone case refer to? - ANS ✔1994 case where the Supreme Court overturned
a local ordinance requiring all solid waste within the Town of Clarkstown to be processed at a
designated, privately owned transfer station.
