BIOL 2113 Final Exam Review
Questions and Already Passed
Answers Rated A+.
List and describe the 6 levels of structural organization from least to the most complex. - Answer
molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organelles
2. What is homeostasis? - Answer is the ability to maintain internal stability in an organism in
response to the environmental changes.
3. What is the anatomical position? Why is it important? - Answer Anatomical position creates
a common point of reference for all who study the human body.
4. Describe the serous membranes of the body. - Answer is a thin membrane that lines the
internal body cavities and organs such as the heart, lungs, and abdominal cavity.
1. What are elements? What are atoms?
a. Describe the relationship between atoms and elements. - Answer Each element is
composed of one particular kind of atom. An atom is the smallest part of an element that can
enter into combinations with atoms of other elements.
2. List and describe the 3 types of chemical bonds. - Answer ionic, covalent, and hydrogen
bonds.
3. What chemical properties of water make it vital for life? - Answer Cohesion is a key property
of water. Because of the polarity of the molecules, water molecules are attracted to each other.
4. Describe the pH scale.
a. What is considered neutral, acidic, and basic (alkaline) on the scale? - Answer From a scale
of 0 to 14, a compound is acidic if the pH level is anywhere between 0 to 7, and basic or alkaline
if its pH level falls within 7 to 14. A pH level of 7 indicates that a compound is neutral. Alkaline
water is water with a higher pH level.
6. Describe the structure and function of DNA. - Answer is the information molecule. It stores
instructions for making other large molecules, called proteins.
, a. Compare and contrast the 2 regions of a phospholipid. - Answer is selectively permeable to
organic molecules and ions, it regulates the movement of particles in and out of organelles and
cells.
A phospholipid consists of two basic parts: the head and the tail. The hydrophilic head consists
of a glycerol molecule bound to a phosphate group.
2. List and describe the 3 types of cell junctions. - Answer Tight Junction.
Adherens Junction.
Gap Junction.
3. List and describe the 2 types of passive transport.
a. Compare and contrast passive transport vs. active transport - Answer Simple Diffusion.
Facilitated Diffusion.
Active transport moves materials from lower to a higher concentration, while passive transport
moves materials from higher to lower concentration.
4. Describe the functions of the following cell organelles
a. Nucleus
b. Mitochondria
c. Lysosomes
d. Ribosomes
e. Endoplasmic reticulum - Answer a. nucleus controls the characters and functions of cells in
our body.
b. Mitochondria's primary function is to produce energy through the process of oxidative
phosphorylation.
c. Lysosomes break down harmful cell products, waste materials, and cellular debris and then
force them out of the cell.
d. The primary function of the ribosomes includes protein synthesis in all living cells that ensure
the survival of the cell.
e. The Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.) is the organelle responsible for the movement of materials
throughout the cell.
5. List and describe the 2 major phases of the cell cycle.
a. What is the purpose of mitosis?
Questions and Already Passed
Answers Rated A+.
List and describe the 6 levels of structural organization from least to the most complex. - Answer
molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organelles
2. What is homeostasis? - Answer is the ability to maintain internal stability in an organism in
response to the environmental changes.
3. What is the anatomical position? Why is it important? - Answer Anatomical position creates
a common point of reference for all who study the human body.
4. Describe the serous membranes of the body. - Answer is a thin membrane that lines the
internal body cavities and organs such as the heart, lungs, and abdominal cavity.
1. What are elements? What are atoms?
a. Describe the relationship between atoms and elements. - Answer Each element is
composed of one particular kind of atom. An atom is the smallest part of an element that can
enter into combinations with atoms of other elements.
2. List and describe the 3 types of chemical bonds. - Answer ionic, covalent, and hydrogen
bonds.
3. What chemical properties of water make it vital for life? - Answer Cohesion is a key property
of water. Because of the polarity of the molecules, water molecules are attracted to each other.
4. Describe the pH scale.
a. What is considered neutral, acidic, and basic (alkaline) on the scale? - Answer From a scale
of 0 to 14, a compound is acidic if the pH level is anywhere between 0 to 7, and basic or alkaline
if its pH level falls within 7 to 14. A pH level of 7 indicates that a compound is neutral. Alkaline
water is water with a higher pH level.
6. Describe the structure and function of DNA. - Answer is the information molecule. It stores
instructions for making other large molecules, called proteins.
, a. Compare and contrast the 2 regions of a phospholipid. - Answer is selectively permeable to
organic molecules and ions, it regulates the movement of particles in and out of organelles and
cells.
A phospholipid consists of two basic parts: the head and the tail. The hydrophilic head consists
of a glycerol molecule bound to a phosphate group.
2. List and describe the 3 types of cell junctions. - Answer Tight Junction.
Adherens Junction.
Gap Junction.
3. List and describe the 2 types of passive transport.
a. Compare and contrast passive transport vs. active transport - Answer Simple Diffusion.
Facilitated Diffusion.
Active transport moves materials from lower to a higher concentration, while passive transport
moves materials from higher to lower concentration.
4. Describe the functions of the following cell organelles
a. Nucleus
b. Mitochondria
c. Lysosomes
d. Ribosomes
e. Endoplasmic reticulum - Answer a. nucleus controls the characters and functions of cells in
our body.
b. Mitochondria's primary function is to produce energy through the process of oxidative
phosphorylation.
c. Lysosomes break down harmful cell products, waste materials, and cellular debris and then
force them out of the cell.
d. The primary function of the ribosomes includes protein synthesis in all living cells that ensure
the survival of the cell.
e. The Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.) is the organelle responsible for the movement of materials
throughout the cell.
5. List and describe the 2 major phases of the cell cycle.
a. What is the purpose of mitosis?
