Name: Score:
20 Multiple choice questions
Term 1 of 20
Ch. 8 #7 A patient has been diagnosed with a brain tumor that cannot be removed surgically.
During each office visit, the nurse will be assessing the patient for syndrome of
inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which of the following assessments
would alert the clinic nurse that the patient may be developing this complication?
A) Complaints that his urine output is decreased, no edema noted in ankles, and
increasing headache
B) Elevated blood glucose levels, dry mucous membranes, and severe projectile
vomiting
C) Fever, diarrhea, and nausea
D) Muscle cramps, pins and needle sensation around the mouth/lips, and unexplained
bruising
Ans: A
The test's inability to rule out cancer with a low PSA level indicates a low negative
predictive value. Answer B suggests a high negative predictive value, while answer C
indicates a low positive predictive value. High positive predictive value is associated with
high sensitivity
Ans: A
SIADH manifests as a dilutional hyponatremia. Decrease urine output, absence of
edema, and headaches are signs of this. Answer choice B relates to s/s of diabetes
insipidus; answer choice C is indicative of common flu s/s; answer choice D is relates
to s/s of hypocalcemia
Ans: B
Tay-Sachs disease is a genetic disorder resulting from an enzyme defect that results in
abnormal lipid accumulation in the brain and other tissues. Lead exposure, hypoxia, and
bilirubin retention are not associated with Tay-Sachs disease
Ans: B
The second line of defense against acid-base disturbances is the control of
extracellular CO2 by the lungs. Blood PCO2 and pH are important regulators of
ventilation. Chemoreceptors in the brain stem and the peripheral chemoreceptors in
the carotid and aortic bodies sense changes in PCO2 and pH and alter the ventilatory rate
,Term 2 of 20
Ch. 2 #13 An end-stage renal disease patient has been on peritoneal dialysis at home. Based on
his lab work, he regulates the type of solution to infuse into his abdomen. When there is a high
concentration of potassium inside the cell (hyperkalemia), the solution infused has a lower
concentration so that the potassium ions will diffuse outward. At this point, the cellular membrane
is said to be
A) at equilibrium potential in which no net movement of ions occurs.
B) charged with high voltage.
C) filled with positive current.
D) polarized because of the presence of a negative membrane potential
Ans: D
The expression of two genes influencing the same phenotype, neither of which could have
produced it alone, is an example of collaborative genes. Multiple alleles involve more than
one gene at a particular locus affecting the same trait, and in epistasis, a gene masks the
phenotypic effects of another nonallelic gene. Polygenic inheritance involves multiple
genes each affecting a small influence on a genetic outcome
Ans: C
Cell differentiation and consequent tissue types are the outcome of the series of cell
divisions that occur in the fertilized ovum. It originates neither with a single stem cell nor in
the hematopoietic system. Stem cells allow for limited differentiation throughout the life
span, not only antepartum
Ans: C
The nucleus is the site for the synthesis of three types of RNA that move to the cytoplasm
and carry out the actual synthesis of proteins. Messenger RNA copies and carries the DNA
instructions for protein synthesis to the cytoplasm. Ribosomal RNA is the site of actual
protein synthesis; transfer RNA transports amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
Ans: D
Because of the large concentration gradient existing across the cell membrane, potassium
ions tend to diffuse outward. As they do so, they carry their positive charges with them,
causing the inside to become negative in relation to the outside. This new potential
difference repels further outward movement of the positively charged potassium ion. The
membrane is said to be polarized
, Term 3 of 20
Ch. 6 #2 Following a biopsy, a 54-year-old man has been diagnosed as having a benign
neoplastic tumor. Which of the following characteristics most likely applies to his tumor?
A) The tumor is poorly approximated and has the potential to break loose.
B) The tumor may secrete hormones or cytokines. C) The well-differentiated, neoplastic cells are
clustered together in a single mass.
D) It has a rapid rate of growth and can induce ischemia.
Ans: C
The release of hormones during labor increases rather than mitigates a physiological
system. Specifically, uterine contraction stimulates the production of other relevant
hormones that cause temporary instability that culminates in childbirth. ADH counters the
potential instability of insufficient hydration and/or blood pressure, much as shivering is an
attempt to counter low temperature. Increased production of WBCs is a response to the
potential homeostatic instability of an infectious process.
Ans: C
Benign tumors are composed of well-differentiated, neoplastic cells that resemble the cells
of the tissues of origin and are characterized by a slow, progressive rate of growth that may
come to a standstill or regress. They tend to exist in a single mass. Malignant tumors tend to
be poorly differentiated, grow rapidly, secrete hormones or cytokines, and have the
potential to break loose.
Ans: B
Decreased IgA, IgE, and IgG with increased IgM levels are characteristic of X-linked
immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM, a primary cell-mediated immunodeficiency that
would respond to thymic tissue transplantation and MHC-compatible bone marrow.
Low IgG levels secondary to phenytoin use, X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia, and
selective IgA deficiency are unlikely to be treated with the T-cell-focused treatments
like thymic tissue transplantation and MHC-compatible bone marrow.
Ans: A
In a skinned knuckle, one of the body's main innate defenses, the skin, is breached.
The heat and swelling that accompany a breach in the skin are inflammatory
responses, part of the body's innate immune defenses. Allergies are an inappropriate
adaptive response mediated by immunoglobulin E; antibody titers increase during
illness in response to the infection; and transplanted organs are rejected because the
organ is recognized as foreign. These are all aspects of specific, acquired immunity
20 Multiple choice questions
Term 1 of 20
Ch. 8 #7 A patient has been diagnosed with a brain tumor that cannot be removed surgically.
During each office visit, the nurse will be assessing the patient for syndrome of
inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which of the following assessments
would alert the clinic nurse that the patient may be developing this complication?
A) Complaints that his urine output is decreased, no edema noted in ankles, and
increasing headache
B) Elevated blood glucose levels, dry mucous membranes, and severe projectile
vomiting
C) Fever, diarrhea, and nausea
D) Muscle cramps, pins and needle sensation around the mouth/lips, and unexplained
bruising
Ans: A
The test's inability to rule out cancer with a low PSA level indicates a low negative
predictive value. Answer B suggests a high negative predictive value, while answer C
indicates a low positive predictive value. High positive predictive value is associated with
high sensitivity
Ans: A
SIADH manifests as a dilutional hyponatremia. Decrease urine output, absence of
edema, and headaches are signs of this. Answer choice B relates to s/s of diabetes
insipidus; answer choice C is indicative of common flu s/s; answer choice D is relates
to s/s of hypocalcemia
Ans: B
Tay-Sachs disease is a genetic disorder resulting from an enzyme defect that results in
abnormal lipid accumulation in the brain and other tissues. Lead exposure, hypoxia, and
bilirubin retention are not associated with Tay-Sachs disease
Ans: B
The second line of defense against acid-base disturbances is the control of
extracellular CO2 by the lungs. Blood PCO2 and pH are important regulators of
ventilation. Chemoreceptors in the brain stem and the peripheral chemoreceptors in
the carotid and aortic bodies sense changes in PCO2 and pH and alter the ventilatory rate
,Term 2 of 20
Ch. 2 #13 An end-stage renal disease patient has been on peritoneal dialysis at home. Based on
his lab work, he regulates the type of solution to infuse into his abdomen. When there is a high
concentration of potassium inside the cell (hyperkalemia), the solution infused has a lower
concentration so that the potassium ions will diffuse outward. At this point, the cellular membrane
is said to be
A) at equilibrium potential in which no net movement of ions occurs.
B) charged with high voltage.
C) filled with positive current.
D) polarized because of the presence of a negative membrane potential
Ans: D
The expression of two genes influencing the same phenotype, neither of which could have
produced it alone, is an example of collaborative genes. Multiple alleles involve more than
one gene at a particular locus affecting the same trait, and in epistasis, a gene masks the
phenotypic effects of another nonallelic gene. Polygenic inheritance involves multiple
genes each affecting a small influence on a genetic outcome
Ans: C
Cell differentiation and consequent tissue types are the outcome of the series of cell
divisions that occur in the fertilized ovum. It originates neither with a single stem cell nor in
the hematopoietic system. Stem cells allow for limited differentiation throughout the life
span, not only antepartum
Ans: C
The nucleus is the site for the synthesis of three types of RNA that move to the cytoplasm
and carry out the actual synthesis of proteins. Messenger RNA copies and carries the DNA
instructions for protein synthesis to the cytoplasm. Ribosomal RNA is the site of actual
protein synthesis; transfer RNA transports amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
Ans: D
Because of the large concentration gradient existing across the cell membrane, potassium
ions tend to diffuse outward. As they do so, they carry their positive charges with them,
causing the inside to become negative in relation to the outside. This new potential
difference repels further outward movement of the positively charged potassium ion. The
membrane is said to be polarized
, Term 3 of 20
Ch. 6 #2 Following a biopsy, a 54-year-old man has been diagnosed as having a benign
neoplastic tumor. Which of the following characteristics most likely applies to his tumor?
A) The tumor is poorly approximated and has the potential to break loose.
B) The tumor may secrete hormones or cytokines. C) The well-differentiated, neoplastic cells are
clustered together in a single mass.
D) It has a rapid rate of growth and can induce ischemia.
Ans: C
The release of hormones during labor increases rather than mitigates a physiological
system. Specifically, uterine contraction stimulates the production of other relevant
hormones that cause temporary instability that culminates in childbirth. ADH counters the
potential instability of insufficient hydration and/or blood pressure, much as shivering is an
attempt to counter low temperature. Increased production of WBCs is a response to the
potential homeostatic instability of an infectious process.
Ans: C
Benign tumors are composed of well-differentiated, neoplastic cells that resemble the cells
of the tissues of origin and are characterized by a slow, progressive rate of growth that may
come to a standstill or regress. They tend to exist in a single mass. Malignant tumors tend to
be poorly differentiated, grow rapidly, secrete hormones or cytokines, and have the
potential to break loose.
Ans: B
Decreased IgA, IgE, and IgG with increased IgM levels are characteristic of X-linked
immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM, a primary cell-mediated immunodeficiency that
would respond to thymic tissue transplantation and MHC-compatible bone marrow.
Low IgG levels secondary to phenytoin use, X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia, and
selective IgA deficiency are unlikely to be treated with the T-cell-focused treatments
like thymic tissue transplantation and MHC-compatible bone marrow.
Ans: A
In a skinned knuckle, one of the body's main innate defenses, the skin, is breached.
The heat and swelling that accompany a breach in the skin are inflammatory
responses, part of the body's innate immune defenses. Allergies are an inappropriate
adaptive response mediated by immunoglobulin E; antibody titers increase during
illness in response to the infection; and transplanted organs are rejected because the
organ is recognized as foreign. These are all aspects of specific, acquired immunity
