NURS 218 Exam #2 Study Guide
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Terms in this set (87)
-definition: unpleasant, sensory, emotional sensation
associated with actual or potential tissue injury
-etiology: nerve damage, actual tissue damage,
Give definition, etiology,
cancer, surgery
pathophysiology, and
-pathophysiology: tissue damage activates free nerve
clinical manifestations of
endings, nociceptors
pain.
-clinical manifestations: SOCRATES (site, onset,
character, radiation, association w/ other symptoms,
time course, exacerbating, severity)
nerve endings that selectively respond to pain stimuli,
Define nociceptors.
are abundant in arterial walls, joint surfaces, skin
-system built into body to relieve pain by suppressing
transmission of pain signals from peripheral nerves
-we have receptors that act when endorphins
released
-endorphins: interact w/ receptors to inhibit the
Define endogenous transmission of pain signals, produce sense of
analgesia system. euphoria
>excitement, stress, aerobic exercise can trigger
release
-enkephalins: interrupt transmision of pain signals at
spinal cord level by inhibiting the release of substance
P
, -sharp, cutting pain
-can occur from injury, trauma, muscle spasm, disease
Define acute pain. -can serve as warning sign
-"fast pain"
-pt may cry or position for comfort
-can last 3 months or longer, less urgent
-signs not as visible, often accompanies by
Define chronic pain. depression, social withdrawal, disturbed sleep and
weight loss, affects ADL
-burning, aching, throbbing
-can be acute or chronic
Define cancer pain. -may be caused by tumor that causes tissue
destruction
-from stimulation nociceptors in skin, bone, muscle,
soft tissue, well localized
-described as sharp, burning, gnawing, throbbing,
Define somatic pain.
cramping
-can be acute (sprain)
-can be chronic (arthritis)
-diffuse, not well located
-nociceptors stimulated in area and their surrounding
Define visceral pain. tissues
-pt may describe as in large area
-pancreatitis complains of abominal pain
-injury to nerves
-pain receptors, or CNS
-diabetics complain bc high glucose levels can lead
Define neuropathic pain. to nerve injury
-burning, buzzing pain
-difficult to treat bc analgesics less effective in
neuropathic pain
-pain in between doses of pain medication
Define breakthrough pain.
-often cancer pts
, -class: opioid agonist
-action: binds to receptors in brain, spinal cord, and
peripheral tissues (primarily mu receptors), act like
gates that close transmission of pain impulses from
Give action, use, adverse neuron to neuron, activate endo. analgesia system
effects, and -use: prevent/relieve acut or chronic pain, surgery,
contraindications for labor and delivery, etc.
morphine sulfate -adverse effects: CNS depression
(Duramorph, MS Contin). (drowsiness/sleep/unconscious), decreased mental +
physical activity, respiratory depression!!, N/V, miosis,
constipation
-contraindications: existing respiratory dep., lung
disease, head trauma
-prescribers order and nurses set up
-only pt. presses button
-still assess pain (0-10), how alert pt is
Identify nursing -look at pump to see how much/often pt presses
interventions related to button
the use of patient- -program lockout period
controlled analgesia. -prevent interactions:
>alcohol + antidepressants: increase drowsiness, res.
distress
>narcotics: hypotension, res. dep., coma
-primary signs of overdose: respiratory depression,
Discuss the treatment of coma, can lead to death
opioid overdose and the -withdrawal signs: anxiety, insomnia, pupil dilation
management of -can occur with therapeutic dose
withdrawal symptoms. -SAVEME: stimulate, airway, ventilate, evaluate,
muscular injection (naloxone), evaluate
Save
Terms in this set (87)
-definition: unpleasant, sensory, emotional sensation
associated with actual or potential tissue injury
-etiology: nerve damage, actual tissue damage,
Give definition, etiology,
cancer, surgery
pathophysiology, and
-pathophysiology: tissue damage activates free nerve
clinical manifestations of
endings, nociceptors
pain.
-clinical manifestations: SOCRATES (site, onset,
character, radiation, association w/ other symptoms,
time course, exacerbating, severity)
nerve endings that selectively respond to pain stimuli,
Define nociceptors.
are abundant in arterial walls, joint surfaces, skin
-system built into body to relieve pain by suppressing
transmission of pain signals from peripheral nerves
-we have receptors that act when endorphins
released
-endorphins: interact w/ receptors to inhibit the
Define endogenous transmission of pain signals, produce sense of
analgesia system. euphoria
>excitement, stress, aerobic exercise can trigger
release
-enkephalins: interrupt transmision of pain signals at
spinal cord level by inhibiting the release of substance
P
, -sharp, cutting pain
-can occur from injury, trauma, muscle spasm, disease
Define acute pain. -can serve as warning sign
-"fast pain"
-pt may cry or position for comfort
-can last 3 months or longer, less urgent
-signs not as visible, often accompanies by
Define chronic pain. depression, social withdrawal, disturbed sleep and
weight loss, affects ADL
-burning, aching, throbbing
-can be acute or chronic
Define cancer pain. -may be caused by tumor that causes tissue
destruction
-from stimulation nociceptors in skin, bone, muscle,
soft tissue, well localized
-described as sharp, burning, gnawing, throbbing,
Define somatic pain.
cramping
-can be acute (sprain)
-can be chronic (arthritis)
-diffuse, not well located
-nociceptors stimulated in area and their surrounding
Define visceral pain. tissues
-pt may describe as in large area
-pancreatitis complains of abominal pain
-injury to nerves
-pain receptors, or CNS
-diabetics complain bc high glucose levels can lead
Define neuropathic pain. to nerve injury
-burning, buzzing pain
-difficult to treat bc analgesics less effective in
neuropathic pain
-pain in between doses of pain medication
Define breakthrough pain.
-often cancer pts
, -class: opioid agonist
-action: binds to receptors in brain, spinal cord, and
peripheral tissues (primarily mu receptors), act like
gates that close transmission of pain impulses from
Give action, use, adverse neuron to neuron, activate endo. analgesia system
effects, and -use: prevent/relieve acut or chronic pain, surgery,
contraindications for labor and delivery, etc.
morphine sulfate -adverse effects: CNS depression
(Duramorph, MS Contin). (drowsiness/sleep/unconscious), decreased mental +
physical activity, respiratory depression!!, N/V, miosis,
constipation
-contraindications: existing respiratory dep., lung
disease, head trauma
-prescribers order and nurses set up
-only pt. presses button
-still assess pain (0-10), how alert pt is
Identify nursing -look at pump to see how much/often pt presses
interventions related to button
the use of patient- -program lockout period
controlled analgesia. -prevent interactions:
>alcohol + antidepressants: increase drowsiness, res.
distress
>narcotics: hypotension, res. dep., coma
-primary signs of overdose: respiratory depression,
Discuss the treatment of coma, can lead to death
opioid overdose and the -withdrawal signs: anxiety, insomnia, pupil dilation
management of -can occur with therapeutic dose
withdrawal symptoms. -SAVEME: stimulate, airway, ventilate, evaluate,
muscular injection (naloxone), evaluate
