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LATEST VERSION 2025/2026.
Effective Communication - ANS body language, eye contact, repeat back, positive outcome,
both people understand what is being said
Close-Ended Questions - ANS good for immediate answers, usually requires a 1-2 word
response, no need for pt to elaborate
Ex: What is your name?
Open-Ended Questions - ANS allows pt to ellaborate, give more info, helps when we want or
need more info, does not require a specific question, cannot be answered with a "yes" or "no"
Ex: How do you feel about your surgery?
Therapeutic Communication - ANS face-to-face, touch (not always appropriate), silence
(when its better not to say anything)
Restating - ANS repeating back what the nurse believes to be the pts main point
Paraphrasing - ANS nurse is putting what the pt is saying into their own words
Clarifying - ANS seek to understand the pts message by asking for more info
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, Focusing - ANS bringing the pts attention back to the topic
Reflecting - ANS assists pt to reflect their own feelings rather than seeking answers from
others
Ex: pt asks "what should I do?" nurse is not allowed to tell them
Stating Observations - ANS observe and communicate your observations back to the pt
Ex: you are saying you are not in pain, but you wince when you move
Offering Info - ANS offer to educate pt on diabetes, discharge planning, new diagnosis, etc.
Summarizing - ANS review the main ideas of your discussion
Communication Blocks - ANS false reassurance, giving advice, assumptions,
approval/disapproval, automatic responses, defensiveness, arguing, asking for explanations,
changing the subject
False Reassurance - ANS promising pt or family that everything will be fine
Giving Advice/Personal Opinions - ANS "If I were you, I would"
False Assumptions/Jumping to Conclusions - ANS "Your family is not very supportive.."
Approval/Disapproval - ANS imposing your own beliefs -leave your biases at the door
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Automatic Responses - ANS "Well I do not make the rules"
Defensiveness - ANS responding negatively to criticism
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