WOUND CERTIFICATION EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH 100% ACCURATE ANSWERS
what are 6 risk factor components of Braden Scale for pressure ulcer? - Accurate answers sensory
perception, moisture, mobility, activity, nutrition, and shear/friction
What is the name of the organization that developed the pressure ulcer staging? - Accurate answers
NPUAP (national pressure ulcer advisory panel)
pathological effect of excessive pressure on soft tissue can be attributed by 3 factors? what are they? -
Accurate answers tissue tolerance, duration of pressure, and intensity of pressure
what are the extrinsic factors that impact pressure ulcers? - Accurate answers increase in
moisture, friction and shearing
how does friction play a role in shearing which eventually leads to pressure ulcer? - Accurate answers
friction alone causes only superfical abrasion, but with gravity it plays a synergistic effect leading to
shearing. When gravity pushes down on the body and resistance (friction) between the patient and
surface is exerted, shearing occurs. because skin does not freely move, primary effect of shearing occurs
at the deeper fascial level.
what are the intrisinc factors of pressur ulcers? - Accurate answers nutritional debilitation,
advanced age, low BP, stress, smoking, elevated body temperature
Aging skin undergoes what elements affecting risk for pressure ulcer? - Accurate answers
dermoepidermal junction flattens, less nutrient exchange occurs, less resistance to shearing, changes in
sensory perception, loss of dermal thickness, increased vascular fragility; ability of soft tisuse to
distribute mechanical load w/out comprosing blood flow is impaired
What does nonblanching erythema indicate in the skin r/t PU? - Accurate answers when pressure
is applied to the erythematic area skin becomes white (blanched), but once relieved, erythema returns -
indicating blood flow; however in nonblanching erythema, skin does not blanche-indicating impaired
blood flow-suggesting tissue destructon
why does sitting in a chair pose more of a risk in skin break down than lying? - Accurate answers
deep tissue injury or PU is likely to occur sooner sitting down because tissue offloading over boney
prominences is higher
Describe what you will see in deep tissue injury? - Accurate answers purple or maroon localized
area of discolored intact skin skinor blood filled blister; may be preceded by painful, firm, mushy, or
boggy; skin may be warmer to cooler in adjacent tissue. In dark skin, thin blister or eschar over a dark
wound bed may bee seen
, Describe stage I pressure ulcer? - Accurate answers Intact skin with nonblanchable redness of
localized area. Will not see blanching in dark skin, but changes in skin tissue consistency (firm vs boggy
when palpated), sensation (pain), and warmer or cooler temperature may differ from surrounding area
Describe stage II pressure ulcer? - Accurate answers partial-thickness wound where epidermis and
tip of dermis is lost with red-pink wound bed w/out slough. may also present as intact or open/ruptured
serum -filled blister
Describe stage III pressure ulcer? - Accurate answers full-thickness wound where both epidermis
and dermis is lost and subcutaneous tissue may be visible, but deeper structures such as muscle, bone,
and tendon are not exposed; slough my be present but it doesn't obscure depth and tunneling and
undermining may be present
Describe stage IV pressure ulcer? - Accurate answers full-thickness wound with exposed
bone,tendon, and muscle; slough or eschar may be seen in some parts of the wound bed. you will often
see tunneling and undermining. Osteomyelitis may be dxed at this stage, since bone is palpable
Describe unstageble ulcers? - Accurate answers full-thickness wound where base of the ulcer is
covered by slough and/or eschar, obscuring depth
When should eschars not be removed? - Accurate answers when it's stable with dry, adherent, and
intact w/out erythema on the heel; this serves as the body's natural cover and should not be removed.
Therapeutic function of pressure distribution is accomplised by what 2 factors? - Accurate answers
immersion and envelopement
Define immersion? - Accurate answers depth of penetration or skining into surgace allowing
pressure to be spread out over surrounding area rather than directly over boney prominence
Define envelopement? - Accurate answers is the ability of support surface to conform to
irregularities without causing substantial increase in pressure
what is bottoming out? - Accurate answers this occurs when depth of penetration or sinking is
excessive, allowing increased pressure to concentrate over boney prominences
what factors contribute to bottoming out? - Accurate answers weight, disproportion of weight and
size such as amputation, tendency to keep HOB >30 degrees, inappropriate support surface settings
When should you consider reactive support surface with features and components such as low air loss,
alternating pressure, viscous or air fluids? - Accurate answers for patients who cannot effectively
position off their wound, have PUs in multiple turning surfaces, or have PUs that fail to improve despite
optimal comprehensive management
When should active support surface be considered? - Accurate answers when effective positioning
is determined by an MD to be medically contraindicated
What is the difference between an active and reactive support surfaces/ - Accurate answers active
support surface is a powered mattress or overlay that changes it's load- distribution with or without
WITH 100% ACCURATE ANSWERS
what are 6 risk factor components of Braden Scale for pressure ulcer? - Accurate answers sensory
perception, moisture, mobility, activity, nutrition, and shear/friction
What is the name of the organization that developed the pressure ulcer staging? - Accurate answers
NPUAP (national pressure ulcer advisory panel)
pathological effect of excessive pressure on soft tissue can be attributed by 3 factors? what are they? -
Accurate answers tissue tolerance, duration of pressure, and intensity of pressure
what are the extrinsic factors that impact pressure ulcers? - Accurate answers increase in
moisture, friction and shearing
how does friction play a role in shearing which eventually leads to pressure ulcer? - Accurate answers
friction alone causes only superfical abrasion, but with gravity it plays a synergistic effect leading to
shearing. When gravity pushes down on the body and resistance (friction) between the patient and
surface is exerted, shearing occurs. because skin does not freely move, primary effect of shearing occurs
at the deeper fascial level.
what are the intrisinc factors of pressur ulcers? - Accurate answers nutritional debilitation,
advanced age, low BP, stress, smoking, elevated body temperature
Aging skin undergoes what elements affecting risk for pressure ulcer? - Accurate answers
dermoepidermal junction flattens, less nutrient exchange occurs, less resistance to shearing, changes in
sensory perception, loss of dermal thickness, increased vascular fragility; ability of soft tisuse to
distribute mechanical load w/out comprosing blood flow is impaired
What does nonblanching erythema indicate in the skin r/t PU? - Accurate answers when pressure
is applied to the erythematic area skin becomes white (blanched), but once relieved, erythema returns -
indicating blood flow; however in nonblanching erythema, skin does not blanche-indicating impaired
blood flow-suggesting tissue destructon
why does sitting in a chair pose more of a risk in skin break down than lying? - Accurate answers
deep tissue injury or PU is likely to occur sooner sitting down because tissue offloading over boney
prominences is higher
Describe what you will see in deep tissue injury? - Accurate answers purple or maroon localized
area of discolored intact skin skinor blood filled blister; may be preceded by painful, firm, mushy, or
boggy; skin may be warmer to cooler in adjacent tissue. In dark skin, thin blister or eschar over a dark
wound bed may bee seen
, Describe stage I pressure ulcer? - Accurate answers Intact skin with nonblanchable redness of
localized area. Will not see blanching in dark skin, but changes in skin tissue consistency (firm vs boggy
when palpated), sensation (pain), and warmer or cooler temperature may differ from surrounding area
Describe stage II pressure ulcer? - Accurate answers partial-thickness wound where epidermis and
tip of dermis is lost with red-pink wound bed w/out slough. may also present as intact or open/ruptured
serum -filled blister
Describe stage III pressure ulcer? - Accurate answers full-thickness wound where both epidermis
and dermis is lost and subcutaneous tissue may be visible, but deeper structures such as muscle, bone,
and tendon are not exposed; slough my be present but it doesn't obscure depth and tunneling and
undermining may be present
Describe stage IV pressure ulcer? - Accurate answers full-thickness wound with exposed
bone,tendon, and muscle; slough or eschar may be seen in some parts of the wound bed. you will often
see tunneling and undermining. Osteomyelitis may be dxed at this stage, since bone is palpable
Describe unstageble ulcers? - Accurate answers full-thickness wound where base of the ulcer is
covered by slough and/or eschar, obscuring depth
When should eschars not be removed? - Accurate answers when it's stable with dry, adherent, and
intact w/out erythema on the heel; this serves as the body's natural cover and should not be removed.
Therapeutic function of pressure distribution is accomplised by what 2 factors? - Accurate answers
immersion and envelopement
Define immersion? - Accurate answers depth of penetration or skining into surgace allowing
pressure to be spread out over surrounding area rather than directly over boney prominence
Define envelopement? - Accurate answers is the ability of support surface to conform to
irregularities without causing substantial increase in pressure
what is bottoming out? - Accurate answers this occurs when depth of penetration or sinking is
excessive, allowing increased pressure to concentrate over boney prominences
what factors contribute to bottoming out? - Accurate answers weight, disproportion of weight and
size such as amputation, tendency to keep HOB >30 degrees, inappropriate support surface settings
When should you consider reactive support surface with features and components such as low air loss,
alternating pressure, viscous or air fluids? - Accurate answers for patients who cannot effectively
position off their wound, have PUs in multiple turning surfaces, or have PUs that fail to improve despite
optimal comprehensive management
When should active support surface be considered? - Accurate answers when effective positioning
is determined by an MD to be medically contraindicated
What is the difference between an active and reactive support surfaces/ - Accurate answers active
support surface is a powered mattress or overlay that changes it's load- distribution with or without
