Samenvatting Management in de verpleeg- en vroedkunde
Inhoud
Hfdst 1: Inleiding management in de gezondheidszorg; Functie, rollen en competenties van managers
................................................................................................................................................................. 8
Wat is management?........................................................................................................................... 8
Efficiëntie en effectiviteit ..................................................................................................................... 8
Management VS leiderschap ............................................................................................................... 8
Wat is een manager? ....................................................................................................................... 9
Managementfuncties- en processen ............................................................................................... 9
Universaliteit van management .................................................................................................... 10
Managementrollen (Mintzberg) ........................................................................................................ 11
Intermenselijke rol ......................................................................................................................... 11
Informatieve rol ............................................................................................................................. 12
Beslissingsrol ................................................................................................................................. 12
Alternatief model rond managementrollen (Quinn) ......................................................................... 13
Managementcompetenties volgens Katz .......................................................................................... 13
Omgaan met veranderingen.............................................................................................................. 14
Hfdst 2: Organisatiestructuren en coördinatie van werkzaamheden .................................................... 15
Wat is een organisatie? ..................................................................................................................... 15
Verandering in organisatieconcept.................................................................................................... 15
Keuze voor een organisatiestructuur ................................................................................................ 15
Organisatiekenmerken (Mintzberg)................................................................................................... 16
1. Mate van specialisatie .......................................................................................................... 16
2. Mate van formalisatiegedrag ............................................................................................... 17
3. Wijze van groeperen ............................................................................................................ 19
4. Schaalgrootte van eenheden ............................................................................................... 20
5. Planning en controle ............................................................................................................ 20
6. Wijze van trainen ................................................................................................................. 21
7. Besluitvormings- en communicatiesysteem ........................................................................ 21
8. Mate van verticale decentralisatie ....................................................................................... 21
9. Mate van horizontale decentralisatie .................................................................................. 21
Organisatie-onderdelen volgens Mintzberg ...................................................................................... 22
Type organisaties ........................................................................................................................... 23
Twee uitdagingen in organisatiestructuren ....................................................................................... 27
1. Medewerkers verbonden houden ....................................................................................... 27
1
, 2. Lerende organisatie opbouwen ........................................................................................... 27
Hfdst 3: Evolutie van het management ................................................................................................. 28
Belangrijke benaderingen van management..................................................................................... 28
Historische achtergrond ................................................................................................................ 28
Klassieke benadering: Scientific management .............................................................................. 29
Klassieke benadering: Algemeen administratief ........................................................................... 29
Klassieke benadering: bureaucratie .............................................................................................. 31
Kwantitatieve aanpak .................................................................................................................... 32
Gedragsbenadering ( vroege voorstanders) .................................................................................. 32
Gedragsbenadering: Hawthorne-onderzoeken ............................................................................. 33
Hedendaagse managementbenaderingen .................................................................................... 33
Concurrerende-waardenmodel ......................................................................................................... 35
Voorbeelden .................................................................................................................................. 36
Management 2.0 ............................................................................................................................... 36
Gezondheidszorg = BANI ............................................................................................................... 37
Soort management/leiderschap vraagt BANI ................................................................................ 37
Hfdst 4: planning en het formuleren van doelstellingen ....................................................................... 40
Planning ............................................................................................................................................. 40
Doel van planning .......................................................................................................................... 40
Hoe plannen managers.................................................................................................................. 42
Doelstellingen formuleren en plannen ontwikkelen ......................................................................... 43
Conventionele methode ................................................................................................................ 44
Management by objectives (MBO) ................................................................................................ 45
Doelstellingen opstellen .................................................................................................................... 46
1. AMORE ................................................................................................................................. 47
2. MAGIE .................................................................................................................................. 48
3. SMART .................................................................................................................................. 48
Plannen ontwikkelen ......................................................................................................................... 49
Contingentiefactor ......................................................................................................................... 50
Effectief plannen in een dynamische omgeving ................................................................................ 50
Scenarioplanning ........................................................................................................................... 50
Belang van (heldere) doelstellingen en plannen ............................................................................... 51
Hfdst 5: HR in de zorg deel 1 ................................................................................................................. 52
Arbeid ................................................................................................................................................ 52
Ulrich’s Four-Role Model ................................................................................................................... 52
HR rollen ............................................................................................................................................ 54
2
, 1. Culture & change champion ................................................................................................ 54
2. Human capital curator ......................................................................................................... 54
3. Total rewards steward .......................................................................................................... 54
4. Compliance manager ........................................................................................................... 54
5. Analytics designer & interpreter .......................................................................................... 55
6. Technology & media integrator............................................................................................ 55
7. Strategic postitioner ............................................................................................................. 55
8. credible activist .................................................................................................................... 55
9. paradox navigator ................................................................................................................ 55
HR policies ......................................................................................................................................... 56
Priorities ........................................................................................................................................ 56
Hfdst 6: HR in de zorg deel 2 ................................................................................................................. 57
Design your own policy ..................................................................................................................... 57
Culture ........................................................................................................................................... 57
Loopbaanbegeleiding ........................................................................................................................ 59
Loopbaantijd .................................................................................................................................. 59
Loopbaanfasen .............................................................................................................................. 59
Oriëntatie....................................................................................................................................... 60
Input .............................................................................................................................................. 60
Ambitie .......................................................................................................................................... 61
Erfenis ............................................................................................................................................ 61
Loonpolicy ......................................................................................................................................... 61
Loonparameters ............................................................................................................................ 61
Objectief ........................................................................................................................................ 62
loonpolicy in de zorg...................................................................................................................... 62
nieuw paradigma ........................................................................................................................... 62
Hfdst 7: innovatie en verandering ......................................................................................................... 63
Veranderingsproces ........................................................................................................................... 63
Management of leiderschap.......................................................................................................... 63
Twee zienswijzen op het veranderingsproces ............................................................................... 64
Innovatie ............................................................................................................................................ 65
9 soorten innovatie........................................................................................................................ 65
Innovatie stimuleren en ondersteunen ............................................................................................. 67
Groeicontext creëren ..................................................................................................................... 67
Stimuleren innovatie ..................................................................................................................... 68
Impact van innovaties (Chandy) ........................................................................................................ 69
3
, Incrementeel ................................................................................................................................. 69
Architecturale ................................................................................................................................ 69
Radicale innovatie ......................................................................................................................... 70
Disruptieve innovatie..................................................................................................................... 70
Veranderingsmanagement ................................................................................................................ 70
Verschillen in competenties .......................................................................................................... 70
Vier typen verandering .................................................................................................................. 71
Technieken voor organisatieontwikkeling ..................................................................................... 73
Waar loopt het vaak fout in veranderingen?..................................................................................... 73
Verandermodel van Kotter ................................................................................................................ 74
1. Gevoel van noodzaak versterken ......................................................................................... 74
2. Leidend team vormen .......................................................................................................... 74
3. Juiste visie en strategie ontwikkelen .................................................................................... 74
4. Visie communiceren en veiligheid creëren .......................................................................... 75
5. Medewerkers in staat stellen om te veranderen en draagvlak creëren .............................. 75
6. Korte termijn successen creëren en vieren.......................................................................... 75
7. Niet verslappen, maar doorzetten! ...................................................................................... 76
8. Borgen .................................................................................................................................. 76
Hfdst 8: Marc Verschueren .................................................................................................................... 77
Management vs leiderschap ............................................................................................................. 77
Les...................................................................................................................................................... 77
Hfdst 9: organisatie van de gezondheidszorg ........................................................................................ 78
Evolutie in de gezondheidszorg ......................................................................................................... 78
4 lijnen in de gezondheidszorg .......................................................................................................... 78
Eerstelijnszorg ................................................................................................................................ 78
Ziekenhuizen .................................................................................................................................. 80
Geestelijke gezondheidszorg ......................................................................................................... 83
Verpleegkundige workforce: toekomstprojectie ............................................................................... 85
Methodologie ................................................................................................................................ 85
Performantie van de gezondheidszorg .............................................................................................. 86
KCE-rapporten ............................................................................................................................... 86
Euro health consumer index.......................................................................................................... 87
Hfdst 10: strategisch management als leidraad voor een organisatie .................................................. 88
Belang van strategisch management................................................................................................. 88
Wat is strategie en strategisch management? .................................................................................. 88
Waarom strategisch management belangrijk?.................................................................................. 88
4
Inhoud
Hfdst 1: Inleiding management in de gezondheidszorg; Functie, rollen en competenties van managers
................................................................................................................................................................. 8
Wat is management?........................................................................................................................... 8
Efficiëntie en effectiviteit ..................................................................................................................... 8
Management VS leiderschap ............................................................................................................... 8
Wat is een manager? ....................................................................................................................... 9
Managementfuncties- en processen ............................................................................................... 9
Universaliteit van management .................................................................................................... 10
Managementrollen (Mintzberg) ........................................................................................................ 11
Intermenselijke rol ......................................................................................................................... 11
Informatieve rol ............................................................................................................................. 12
Beslissingsrol ................................................................................................................................. 12
Alternatief model rond managementrollen (Quinn) ......................................................................... 13
Managementcompetenties volgens Katz .......................................................................................... 13
Omgaan met veranderingen.............................................................................................................. 14
Hfdst 2: Organisatiestructuren en coördinatie van werkzaamheden .................................................... 15
Wat is een organisatie? ..................................................................................................................... 15
Verandering in organisatieconcept.................................................................................................... 15
Keuze voor een organisatiestructuur ................................................................................................ 15
Organisatiekenmerken (Mintzberg)................................................................................................... 16
1. Mate van specialisatie .......................................................................................................... 16
2. Mate van formalisatiegedrag ............................................................................................... 17
3. Wijze van groeperen ............................................................................................................ 19
4. Schaalgrootte van eenheden ............................................................................................... 20
5. Planning en controle ............................................................................................................ 20
6. Wijze van trainen ................................................................................................................. 21
7. Besluitvormings- en communicatiesysteem ........................................................................ 21
8. Mate van verticale decentralisatie ....................................................................................... 21
9. Mate van horizontale decentralisatie .................................................................................. 21
Organisatie-onderdelen volgens Mintzberg ...................................................................................... 22
Type organisaties ........................................................................................................................... 23
Twee uitdagingen in organisatiestructuren ....................................................................................... 27
1. Medewerkers verbonden houden ....................................................................................... 27
1
, 2. Lerende organisatie opbouwen ........................................................................................... 27
Hfdst 3: Evolutie van het management ................................................................................................. 28
Belangrijke benaderingen van management..................................................................................... 28
Historische achtergrond ................................................................................................................ 28
Klassieke benadering: Scientific management .............................................................................. 29
Klassieke benadering: Algemeen administratief ........................................................................... 29
Klassieke benadering: bureaucratie .............................................................................................. 31
Kwantitatieve aanpak .................................................................................................................... 32
Gedragsbenadering ( vroege voorstanders) .................................................................................. 32
Gedragsbenadering: Hawthorne-onderzoeken ............................................................................. 33
Hedendaagse managementbenaderingen .................................................................................... 33
Concurrerende-waardenmodel ......................................................................................................... 35
Voorbeelden .................................................................................................................................. 36
Management 2.0 ............................................................................................................................... 36
Gezondheidszorg = BANI ............................................................................................................... 37
Soort management/leiderschap vraagt BANI ................................................................................ 37
Hfdst 4: planning en het formuleren van doelstellingen ....................................................................... 40
Planning ............................................................................................................................................. 40
Doel van planning .......................................................................................................................... 40
Hoe plannen managers.................................................................................................................. 42
Doelstellingen formuleren en plannen ontwikkelen ......................................................................... 43
Conventionele methode ................................................................................................................ 44
Management by objectives (MBO) ................................................................................................ 45
Doelstellingen opstellen .................................................................................................................... 46
1. AMORE ................................................................................................................................. 47
2. MAGIE .................................................................................................................................. 48
3. SMART .................................................................................................................................. 48
Plannen ontwikkelen ......................................................................................................................... 49
Contingentiefactor ......................................................................................................................... 50
Effectief plannen in een dynamische omgeving ................................................................................ 50
Scenarioplanning ........................................................................................................................... 50
Belang van (heldere) doelstellingen en plannen ............................................................................... 51
Hfdst 5: HR in de zorg deel 1 ................................................................................................................. 52
Arbeid ................................................................................................................................................ 52
Ulrich’s Four-Role Model ................................................................................................................... 52
HR rollen ............................................................................................................................................ 54
2
, 1. Culture & change champion ................................................................................................ 54
2. Human capital curator ......................................................................................................... 54
3. Total rewards steward .......................................................................................................... 54
4. Compliance manager ........................................................................................................... 54
5. Analytics designer & interpreter .......................................................................................... 55
6. Technology & media integrator............................................................................................ 55
7. Strategic postitioner ............................................................................................................. 55
8. credible activist .................................................................................................................... 55
9. paradox navigator ................................................................................................................ 55
HR policies ......................................................................................................................................... 56
Priorities ........................................................................................................................................ 56
Hfdst 6: HR in de zorg deel 2 ................................................................................................................. 57
Design your own policy ..................................................................................................................... 57
Culture ........................................................................................................................................... 57
Loopbaanbegeleiding ........................................................................................................................ 59
Loopbaantijd .................................................................................................................................. 59
Loopbaanfasen .............................................................................................................................. 59
Oriëntatie....................................................................................................................................... 60
Input .............................................................................................................................................. 60
Ambitie .......................................................................................................................................... 61
Erfenis ............................................................................................................................................ 61
Loonpolicy ......................................................................................................................................... 61
Loonparameters ............................................................................................................................ 61
Objectief ........................................................................................................................................ 62
loonpolicy in de zorg...................................................................................................................... 62
nieuw paradigma ........................................................................................................................... 62
Hfdst 7: innovatie en verandering ......................................................................................................... 63
Veranderingsproces ........................................................................................................................... 63
Management of leiderschap.......................................................................................................... 63
Twee zienswijzen op het veranderingsproces ............................................................................... 64
Innovatie ............................................................................................................................................ 65
9 soorten innovatie........................................................................................................................ 65
Innovatie stimuleren en ondersteunen ............................................................................................. 67
Groeicontext creëren ..................................................................................................................... 67
Stimuleren innovatie ..................................................................................................................... 68
Impact van innovaties (Chandy) ........................................................................................................ 69
3
, Incrementeel ................................................................................................................................. 69
Architecturale ................................................................................................................................ 69
Radicale innovatie ......................................................................................................................... 70
Disruptieve innovatie..................................................................................................................... 70
Veranderingsmanagement ................................................................................................................ 70
Verschillen in competenties .......................................................................................................... 70
Vier typen verandering .................................................................................................................. 71
Technieken voor organisatieontwikkeling ..................................................................................... 73
Waar loopt het vaak fout in veranderingen?..................................................................................... 73
Verandermodel van Kotter ................................................................................................................ 74
1. Gevoel van noodzaak versterken ......................................................................................... 74
2. Leidend team vormen .......................................................................................................... 74
3. Juiste visie en strategie ontwikkelen .................................................................................... 74
4. Visie communiceren en veiligheid creëren .......................................................................... 75
5. Medewerkers in staat stellen om te veranderen en draagvlak creëren .............................. 75
6. Korte termijn successen creëren en vieren.......................................................................... 75
7. Niet verslappen, maar doorzetten! ...................................................................................... 76
8. Borgen .................................................................................................................................. 76
Hfdst 8: Marc Verschueren .................................................................................................................... 77
Management vs leiderschap ............................................................................................................. 77
Les...................................................................................................................................................... 77
Hfdst 9: organisatie van de gezondheidszorg ........................................................................................ 78
Evolutie in de gezondheidszorg ......................................................................................................... 78
4 lijnen in de gezondheidszorg .......................................................................................................... 78
Eerstelijnszorg ................................................................................................................................ 78
Ziekenhuizen .................................................................................................................................. 80
Geestelijke gezondheidszorg ......................................................................................................... 83
Verpleegkundige workforce: toekomstprojectie ............................................................................... 85
Methodologie ................................................................................................................................ 85
Performantie van de gezondheidszorg .............................................................................................. 86
KCE-rapporten ............................................................................................................................... 86
Euro health consumer index.......................................................................................................... 87
Hfdst 10: strategisch management als leidraad voor een organisatie .................................................. 88
Belang van strategisch management................................................................................................. 88
Wat is strategie en strategisch management? .................................................................................. 88
Waarom strategisch management belangrijk?.................................................................................. 88
4
