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What are the subtypes of Depressive Disorders to know? - (answer)Persistent (Dysthymia), Melancholic,
Atypical, Psychotic, Postpartum, Childhood Depression.
What characterizes Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)? - (answer)Chronic, low-grade
depression lasting at least 2 years (or 1 year in children) with symptoms like low self-esteem, poor
concentration, fatigue, and hopelessness.
How do the symptoms of Persistent Depressive Disorder compare to Major Depression? -
(answer)Symptoms are less severe than major depression but longer-lasting.
What is a common treatment for Persistent Depressive Disorder? - (answer)SSRIs and cognitive-
behavioral therapy.
What are the key features of Melancholic Depression? - (answer)Profound loss of pleasure (anhedonia),
lack of mood reactivity, early morning awakening, weight loss, and psychomotor changes.
Who is more likely to experience Melancholic Depression? - (answer)Common in older adults and
hospitalized patients.
What treatments are effective for Melancholic Depression? - (answer)Medications and
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).
What distinguishes Atypical Depression from other types? - (answer)Mood can improve in response to
positive events, with features like increased appetite, weight gain, excessive sleep, and heavy limbs.
What demographic is more commonly affected by Atypical Depression? - (answer)Younger individuals
and those with bipolar disorder.
What is the treatment for Atypical Depression? - (answer)SSRIs or MAOIs.
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What defines Psychotic Depression? - (answer)Severe depression with delusions or hallucinations, which
can be mood-congruent or mood-incongruent.
What is the treatment approach for Psychotic Depression? - (answer)Combined treatment with
antidepressants and antipsychotics or ECT.
What is Postpartum Depression and when does it onset? - (answer)Onset during pregnancy or within
four weeks after delivery, characterized by sadness, anxiety, irritability, and difficulty bonding with the
baby.
How does Postpartum Depression differ from 'baby blues'? - (answer)It is more intense and long-lasting
than 'baby blues'.
What are the symptoms of Childhood Depression? - (answer)Irritability, academic decline, withdrawal
from peers, somatic complaints, and low self-esteem.
What are common risk factors for Childhood Depression? - (answer)Family history and environmental
stressors.
What neurobiological factors are involved in depression? - (answer)Dysregulation of serotonin,
norepinephrine, and dopamine; structural brain changes include decreased hippocampal volume and
hypoactivity in the prefrontal cortex.
What genetic factor is associated with depression? - (answer)The serotonin transporter gene (5-
HTTLPR).
What are the side effects of SSRIs? - (answer)GI upset, sexual dysfunction, insomnia.
What distinguishes SNRIs from SSRIs? - (answer)SNRIs inhibit serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake
and may cause hypertension.
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Questions And Correct Answers |Already Graded A+||Brand New Version!|
What are examples of atypical antidepressants? - (answer)Bupropion (activating, seizure risk) and
mirtazapine (sedating, weight gain).
What treatments are considered for Treatment-Resistant Depression? - (answer)Augmentation with
lithium, atypical antipsychotics, or T3; also consider TMS or ECT.
What is ECT and when is it effective? - (answer)Effective in severe or treatment-resistant depression,
catatonia, or suicidal ideation; may increase monoamine availability and neuroplasticity.
What are the key differences between Bipolar Depression and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)? -
(answer)Bipolar depression often presents with hypersomnia, hyperphagia, psychomotor retardation,
and a family history of bipolar disorder; antidepressant monotherapy may trigger mania.
How does normal grief differ from Major Depressive Disorder? - (answer)Normal grief includes
emotional pain with preserved self-esteem, while MDD includes pervasive anhedonia, guilt, feelings of
worthlessness, and suicidal ideation unrelated to the deceased.
What is the difference between Persistent Depressive Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder? -
(answer)Dysthymia involves chronic low mood for 2+ years with intermittent symptoms, while MDD
involves discrete episodes with significant impairment and more acute symptomatology.
What are the symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)? - (answer)Depressed mood, anhedonia,
appetite/sleep changes, psychomotor changes, fatigue, guilt/worthlessness, poor concentration, suicidal
ideation.
What are the symptoms of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder? - (answer)Mood lability, irritability, and
depression during the luteal phase.
What are the main features of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)? - (answer)Severe
temper outbursts and chronic irritability in children.