Surgical Nursing Exam Questions With Complete Solutions
Alterations in Cardiac Output Correct Answer Decreased
cardiac output
Impaired tissue perfusion
Blood alterations
Anuria: Correct Answer inability to produce urine
Apnoea Correct Answer cessation of resps (sleep)
Arterial Ulcers due to: Correct Answer Arteriosclerosis,
diabetes, advanced age, hypertension, smoking.
S&S: cool, thin, shiny, dry skin, absence of hair growth,
thickened nails, pallor on elevation.
Decreased/absent leg/pedal pulses, slow capillary refill, painful
at rest relieved by lowering legs.
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) Correct Answer - the rate at
which the body metabolises food to maintain the energy
requirements of a person at rest or awake
Basic Elements of Body mechanics Correct Answer =Body
alignment & posture- relationship of body parts (horizontal &
vertical)
Good alignment allows good lung expansion, circulation, renal
function
Line of gravity, Centre of Gravity, base of support.
=Joint mobility- extensors and flexors- extensor stronger than
flexors. In resting position to stop permanent shortening of
muscles.
,=Balance - proprioception, effective posture
complex mechanism enhanced by effective body posture &
proprioception
=Coordinated movement - CNS.
Bereavement: Correct Answer subjective response that a
person experiences, an actual process a person goes through
following a significant loss.
BODY FLUIDS (60 to 70%% body weight)
(Average adult require 2.5 to 3L/day) Correct Answer Fluid
Gains (mL) Fluid Losses(mL)
Oral fluids 1100-1400 Kidneys 1200-1500
Solid foods 800-1000 Skin 500-600
Metabolism 300 Lungs 400
GIT 100-200
Total Gains 2200-2700 Total Losses 2200-2700
Bradypnoea Correct Answer (<10 slow ) resps
Care of Clients Stage 3 Students can give Correct Answer
Oral care, Securing NGT, GT or PEG, Monitor bowel sounds
Fluid Balance Chart (input/output) Monitor gastric drainage
(colour, consistency, odour and amount)
Skin integrity, Education and reassurance
Catheter care Correct Answer - Check no tension, obstruction,
kinks
- Maintain gravity,
- Drainage system: sealed
, - Observe flow: note amount, colour, odour & abnormalities
- Report if < 30 mL/hr (0.5 mL/kg/day)
- Maintain catheter and perineal care
Cellulitis- Correct Answer Inflammation of surrounding
tissues
Redness, swelling, tenderness
Collecting CSU (catheter specimen urine) Correct Answer
Clean straight from catherisation OR clamp for 30 minutes
Don gloves
Wipe & insert needle with syringe
Withdraw
Transfer specimen to sterile container
Label and send.
Collecting MSU (mid-stream urine) Correct Answer Instruct -
Clean external genitalia, void, stop, void
Collect 30 - 60 mL in sterile container and void
Label and send
Common Alterations in Breathing Patterns Correct Answer
Altered breathing pattern
Hypoxia
Obstructed airway
Compartment Syndrome Correct Answer There are 4
compartment in each limb consisting of muscles separated by
fascia. If the pressure in a compartment rises the blood supply to
the nerves and tissues is compromised by compression on the
blood vessels.
Alterations in Cardiac Output Correct Answer Decreased
cardiac output
Impaired tissue perfusion
Blood alterations
Anuria: Correct Answer inability to produce urine
Apnoea Correct Answer cessation of resps (sleep)
Arterial Ulcers due to: Correct Answer Arteriosclerosis,
diabetes, advanced age, hypertension, smoking.
S&S: cool, thin, shiny, dry skin, absence of hair growth,
thickened nails, pallor on elevation.
Decreased/absent leg/pedal pulses, slow capillary refill, painful
at rest relieved by lowering legs.
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) Correct Answer - the rate at
which the body metabolises food to maintain the energy
requirements of a person at rest or awake
Basic Elements of Body mechanics Correct Answer =Body
alignment & posture- relationship of body parts (horizontal &
vertical)
Good alignment allows good lung expansion, circulation, renal
function
Line of gravity, Centre of Gravity, base of support.
=Joint mobility- extensors and flexors- extensor stronger than
flexors. In resting position to stop permanent shortening of
muscles.
,=Balance - proprioception, effective posture
complex mechanism enhanced by effective body posture &
proprioception
=Coordinated movement - CNS.
Bereavement: Correct Answer subjective response that a
person experiences, an actual process a person goes through
following a significant loss.
BODY FLUIDS (60 to 70%% body weight)
(Average adult require 2.5 to 3L/day) Correct Answer Fluid
Gains (mL) Fluid Losses(mL)
Oral fluids 1100-1400 Kidneys 1200-1500
Solid foods 800-1000 Skin 500-600
Metabolism 300 Lungs 400
GIT 100-200
Total Gains 2200-2700 Total Losses 2200-2700
Bradypnoea Correct Answer (<10 slow ) resps
Care of Clients Stage 3 Students can give Correct Answer
Oral care, Securing NGT, GT or PEG, Monitor bowel sounds
Fluid Balance Chart (input/output) Monitor gastric drainage
(colour, consistency, odour and amount)
Skin integrity, Education and reassurance
Catheter care Correct Answer - Check no tension, obstruction,
kinks
- Maintain gravity,
- Drainage system: sealed
, - Observe flow: note amount, colour, odour & abnormalities
- Report if < 30 mL/hr (0.5 mL/kg/day)
- Maintain catheter and perineal care
Cellulitis- Correct Answer Inflammation of surrounding
tissues
Redness, swelling, tenderness
Collecting CSU (catheter specimen urine) Correct Answer
Clean straight from catherisation OR clamp for 30 minutes
Don gloves
Wipe & insert needle with syringe
Withdraw
Transfer specimen to sterile container
Label and send.
Collecting MSU (mid-stream urine) Correct Answer Instruct -
Clean external genitalia, void, stop, void
Collect 30 - 60 mL in sterile container and void
Label and send
Common Alterations in Breathing Patterns Correct Answer
Altered breathing pattern
Hypoxia
Obstructed airway
Compartment Syndrome Correct Answer There are 4
compartment in each limb consisting of muscles separated by
fascia. If the pressure in a compartment rises the blood supply to
the nerves and tissues is compromised by compression on the
blood vessels.
