Mental Health HESI FORTIS EXAM \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS \|/\\// \|/\\//
Milieu therapy - correct answer✔✔1.The planned use of people, resources, and activities in
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the environment to assist in improving interpersonal skills, social functioning, and performing
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ADLS, as well as safety and protection. 2. focus is here and now. 3. Uses limit setting. 4. Client
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makes decisions about their care. 5. Support group sharing, cooperation, and compromise. 6.
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Support client privacy and autonomy and provide clear expectations. \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Behavior modification - correct answer✔✔1. Changes ineffective behavior patterns; it focuses
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on the consequences of actions rather than on peer pressure. 2. Positive reinforcement
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strengthens desired behavior. 3. Negative reinforcement decreases/eliminated inappropriate \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
behavior. 4. Role modeling and teaching \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Family therapy - correct answer✔✔1. Entire family is the client. 2. Family as a system of
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interrelated parts forming a whole. 3. Focus on patterns of interaction within the family, not \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
on individual. 4. Therapist assists the family in identifying the roles assigned to each member
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based on family rules. 5. Life scripts and self-fulfilling prophecies are identified. 6. Congruent
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and incongruent communication patterns and behaviors are identified. 7. Goal to decrease
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family conflict and anxiety and to develop appropriate role relationship.
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Crisis Intervention - correct answer✔✔1. Directed at the resolution of an immediate crisis,
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which the individual is unable to handle alone. 2. Crisis may develop when previously learned
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coping mechanisms are ineffective in dealing w/ current problem. 3. In state of disequilibrium.
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4. If in panic state as a result of disorganization be very directive. 5. Focus on problem, not
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cause. 6. Identify support systems. 7. Identify fast coping patterns from other stressful
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situations. 8. Goal to return to pre-crisis level of functioning. 9. Intervention limited to 6 \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
weeks.
Cognitive therapy - correct answer✔✔1. Directed at replacing a client's irrational beliefs and
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distorted attitudes. 2. Is focused, problem-solving therapy. 3. Therapist and client work
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,together to identify and solve problems and overcome difficulties. 4. Short-term therapy of 2- \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
3 months duration. 5. Involves cognitive restructuring.
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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) - correct answer✔✔1. Involves the use of electrically induced \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
seizures for psychiatric purposes. It is used with severely depressed clients who fail to respond
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to antidepressant meds and therapy. May be used with extremely suicidal clients because 2
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weeks are needed for antidepressants to take effect. \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Nursing care prior to ECT - correct answer✔✔1. Prepare client by teaching what treatment
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involves. 2. Avoid using word "shock." 3. Anticholinergic (atropine sulfate) usually given 30 \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
min before treatment to dry oral secretions. 4. Quick-acting muscle relaxant (succinylcholine
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[Anectine]) or general anesthetic is given before to precent bone or muscle damage. 5. Have \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
an emergency cart, suction equipment, and O2 available in the room.
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Nursing care after ECT - correct answer✔✔1. Maintain patent airway. 2. Check vitals every 15
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min until client is alert. 3. Reorient client after ECT. 4. Headache, Muscle soreness, Nausea,
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Retrograde amnesia \|/\\//
Group intervention - correct answer✔✔1. Process is used with 2 or more clients.
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Types of groups - correct answer✔✔1. Closed (set group) or open (new members can join). 2.
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Small or large (>10 members). 3. Psychoeducation, supportive therapy, psychotherapy, self-
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help. 4. Common nurse-led intervention groups include those that focus on meds, symptoms
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management, anger management, and self-care \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Initial (Orientation) phase - correct answer✔✔High anxiety, superficial interactions, testing the
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therapist to see if he or she can be trusted.
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Middle (Working) phase - correct answer✔✔Problem identification, beginning of problem-
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solving, beginning of the group sense of "we" \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
,Termination phase - correct answer✔✔Evaluation of experience, expression of feelings \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
ranging from anger to joy \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Advantages of groups - correct answer✔✔1. Development of socializing techniques. 2. \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Opportunity to try new behaviors. 3. Promotion of a feeling of universality. 4. Opportunity for\|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
feedback from the group, which may correct distorted perceptions. 5. Opportunity for clients
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to look at alternative ways of analyzing and dealign with problems
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Acknowledgement - correct answer✔✔Recognizing the client's opinions and statements w/o \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
imposing your own values and judgement \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Clarifying - correct answer✔✔The process of making sure you have understood the meaning
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of what was said
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Confrontation - correct answer✔✔Calling attention to inconsistent behavior, information \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
shared or not shared \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Focusing - correct answer✔✔Assisting the client to explore a specific topic, which may
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include sharing perceptions and theme identification
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Information giving - correct answer✔✔Feedback about client's observed behavior \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Open-ended questions - correct answer✔✔Questions that require more than a yes or no \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
response
Reflecting/restating - correct answer✔✔Paraphrasing or repeating what the client has said \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
(Be careful not to overuse; client will feel as though you are not listening).
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, Silence - correct answer✔✔Can be therapeutic or can be used to control interaction; use
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carefully with paranoid client; may be misinterpreted or could be used to support paranoid
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ideation
Suggesting - correct answer✔✔Offering alternatives \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Denial - correct answer✔✔Unconscious failure to acknowledge an event, thought, or feeling
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that is too painful for conscious awareness
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Displacement - correct answer✔✔Transference of feelings to another person or object \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Identification - correct answer✔✔Attempt to be like someone or emulate the personality, \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
traits, or behaviors of another person
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Intellectualization - correct answer✔✔Using reason to avoid emotional conflicts \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Introjection - correct answer✔✔Incorporation of values or qualities of an admired person or \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
group into one's own ego structure \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Isolation - correct answer✔✔Separation of an unacceptable feeling, idea, or impulse from
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one's though process \|/\\// \|/\\//
Passive-aggression - correct answer✔✔Indirectly expressing aggression toward other; a facade \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
of overt compliance masks covert resentment
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Projection - correct answer✔✔Attributing one's own thoughts or impulses to another person
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Rationalization - correct answer✔✔Offering an acceptable, logical explanation to make \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
unacceptable feelings and behavior acceptable \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS \|/\\// \|/\\//
Milieu therapy - correct answer✔✔1.The planned use of people, resources, and activities in
\|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
the environment to assist in improving interpersonal skills, social functioning, and performing
\|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
ADLS, as well as safety and protection. 2. focus is here and now. 3. Uses limit setting. 4. Client
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makes decisions about their care. 5. Support group sharing, cooperation, and compromise. 6.
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Support client privacy and autonomy and provide clear expectations. \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Behavior modification - correct answer✔✔1. Changes ineffective behavior patterns; it focuses
\|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
on the consequences of actions rather than on peer pressure. 2. Positive reinforcement
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strengthens desired behavior. 3. Negative reinforcement decreases/eliminated inappropriate \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
behavior. 4. Role modeling and teaching \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Family therapy - correct answer✔✔1. Entire family is the client. 2. Family as a system of
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interrelated parts forming a whole. 3. Focus on patterns of interaction within the family, not \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
on individual. 4. Therapist assists the family in identifying the roles assigned to each member
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based on family rules. 5. Life scripts and self-fulfilling prophecies are identified. 6. Congruent
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and incongruent communication patterns and behaviors are identified. 7. Goal to decrease
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family conflict and anxiety and to develop appropriate role relationship.
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Crisis Intervention - correct answer✔✔1. Directed at the resolution of an immediate crisis,
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which the individual is unable to handle alone. 2. Crisis may develop when previously learned
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coping mechanisms are ineffective in dealing w/ current problem. 3. In state of disequilibrium.
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4. If in panic state as a result of disorganization be very directive. 5. Focus on problem, not
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cause. 6. Identify support systems. 7. Identify fast coping patterns from other stressful
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situations. 8. Goal to return to pre-crisis level of functioning. 9. Intervention limited to 6 \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
weeks.
Cognitive therapy - correct answer✔✔1. Directed at replacing a client's irrational beliefs and
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distorted attitudes. 2. Is focused, problem-solving therapy. 3. Therapist and client work
\|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
,together to identify and solve problems and overcome difficulties. 4. Short-term therapy of 2- \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
3 months duration. 5. Involves cognitive restructuring.
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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) - correct answer✔✔1. Involves the use of electrically induced \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
seizures for psychiatric purposes. It is used with severely depressed clients who fail to respond
\|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
to antidepressant meds and therapy. May be used with extremely suicidal clients because 2
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weeks are needed for antidepressants to take effect. \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Nursing care prior to ECT - correct answer✔✔1. Prepare client by teaching what treatment
\|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
involves. 2. Avoid using word "shock." 3. Anticholinergic (atropine sulfate) usually given 30 \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
min before treatment to dry oral secretions. 4. Quick-acting muscle relaxant (succinylcholine
\|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
[Anectine]) or general anesthetic is given before to precent bone or muscle damage. 5. Have \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
an emergency cart, suction equipment, and O2 available in the room.
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Nursing care after ECT - correct answer✔✔1. Maintain patent airway. 2. Check vitals every 15
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min until client is alert. 3. Reorient client after ECT. 4. Headache, Muscle soreness, Nausea,
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Retrograde amnesia \|/\\//
Group intervention - correct answer✔✔1. Process is used with 2 or more clients.
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Types of groups - correct answer✔✔1. Closed (set group) or open (new members can join). 2.
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Small or large (>10 members). 3. Psychoeducation, supportive therapy, psychotherapy, self-
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help. 4. Common nurse-led intervention groups include those that focus on meds, symptoms
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management, anger management, and self-care \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Initial (Orientation) phase - correct answer✔✔High anxiety, superficial interactions, testing the
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therapist to see if he or she can be trusted.
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Middle (Working) phase - correct answer✔✔Problem identification, beginning of problem-
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solving, beginning of the group sense of "we" \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
,Termination phase - correct answer✔✔Evaluation of experience, expression of feelings \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
ranging from anger to joy \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Advantages of groups - correct answer✔✔1. Development of socializing techniques. 2. \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Opportunity to try new behaviors. 3. Promotion of a feeling of universality. 4. Opportunity for\|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
feedback from the group, which may correct distorted perceptions. 5. Opportunity for clients
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to look at alternative ways of analyzing and dealign with problems
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Acknowledgement - correct answer✔✔Recognizing the client's opinions and statements w/o \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
imposing your own values and judgement \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Clarifying - correct answer✔✔The process of making sure you have understood the meaning
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of what was said
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Confrontation - correct answer✔✔Calling attention to inconsistent behavior, information \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
shared or not shared \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Focusing - correct answer✔✔Assisting the client to explore a specific topic, which may
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include sharing perceptions and theme identification
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Information giving - correct answer✔✔Feedback about client's observed behavior \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Open-ended questions - correct answer✔✔Questions that require more than a yes or no \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
response
Reflecting/restating - correct answer✔✔Paraphrasing or repeating what the client has said \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
(Be careful not to overuse; client will feel as though you are not listening).
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, Silence - correct answer✔✔Can be therapeutic or can be used to control interaction; use
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carefully with paranoid client; may be misinterpreted or could be used to support paranoid
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ideation
Suggesting - correct answer✔✔Offering alternatives \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Denial - correct answer✔✔Unconscious failure to acknowledge an event, thought, or feeling
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that is too painful for conscious awareness
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Displacement - correct answer✔✔Transference of feelings to another person or object \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Identification - correct answer✔✔Attempt to be like someone or emulate the personality, \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
traits, or behaviors of another person
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Intellectualization - correct answer✔✔Using reason to avoid emotional conflicts \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Introjection - correct answer✔✔Incorporation of values or qualities of an admired person or \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
group into one's own ego structure \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
Isolation - correct answer✔✔Separation of an unacceptable feeling, idea, or impulse from
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one's though process \|/\\// \|/\\//
Passive-aggression - correct answer✔✔Indirectly expressing aggression toward other; a facade \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
of overt compliance masks covert resentment
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Projection - correct answer✔✔Attributing one's own thoughts or impulses to another person
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Rationalization - correct answer✔✔Offering an acceptable, logical explanation to make \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
unacceptable feelings and behavior acceptable \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\// \|/\\//
