Simple Ranking - Answers Requires managers to rank employees in their group from the highest
performer to the poorest performer.
Graphic Rating Scale - Answers Makes a list of traits and provides rating scale for each trait.
The employer uses the scale to indicate the extent to which an employee displays each trait.
Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale - Answers Rates behavior in terms of a scale showing
specific statements of behavior that describe different levels of performance.
Critical-Incidental Method - Answers Based on managers' records of specific examples of the
employee acting in ways that are either effective or ineffective. Employees receive feedback
about what they do well and what they do poorly and how they are helping the organization
achieve its goals.
Behavioral Observation Scale (BOS) - Answers A variation of a BARS which uses all behaviors
necessary for effective performance to rate performance at a task.
A BOS also asks the manager to rate the frequency with which the employee has exhibited the
behavior during the rating period.
Forced Distribution - Answers Assigns a certain percentage of employees to each category in a
set of categories.
Mixed Standard Scale - Answers Uses several statements describing each trait to produce a
final score for that trait.
Organizational Behavior Modification (OBM) - Answers A plan for managing the behavior of
employees through a formal system of feedback and reinforcement.
Management by Objectives (MBO) - Answers People at each level of the organization set goals
in a process that flows from top to bottom, so that all levels are contributing to the
organization's overall goals.
These goals become the standards for evaluating each employee's performance.
Sources for measuring performance - Answers >Managers
>Peers
>Subordinates
>Self
>Customers
Contrast Errors - Answers The rater compares an individual, not against an objective standard,
, but against other employees.
Distributional Errors - Answers The rater tends to use only one part of a rating scale (i.e.
leniency (upper ratings), strictness (lower ratings), central tendency (middle ratings).
Approaches to Performance Feedback - Answers >Problem Solving
>Rewards
Preparation for giving performance feedback - Answers Employees should receive feedback so
often that they know what the manager will say during their annual performance review.
Managers should be prepared for each formal feedback session.
Criteria for Effective Performance Management - Answers >Fit with strategy
>Reliability
>Validity
>Acceptability
>Specificity
Training - Answers >Current Focus
>Low use of work experiences
>Goal is preparation for current job
>Required Participation
Development - Answers >Future Focus
>High use of work experiences
>Goal is preparation for changes
>Voluntary Participation
Formal Education - Answers These may include:
Workshops
Short courses
Lectures
Simulations
Business games