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6. Sleep and Cognition
Created @August 21, 2025 1:51 AM
Class PS2021
Sleep: Memory and Learning
Sleep Deprivation
The condition resulting from lack of sleep, impacting learning and memory
Point Method Results Conclusion
Yoo et al. Ages 18 - 30 Sleep deprivation: Cognitive
(2007) No sleep disorders / notable deficits in processing speed
conditions immediate and was negatively
delayed recall tasks affected which is
Sleep deprivation why = difficulties in
condition: Kept awake Lower accuracy and quick decision-
for 24 hours in a slower reaction making and
controlled environment times on recall tasks information
to prevent sleep (light processing
exposure, behaviour Increased errors
monitoring) during tasks that Effects of sleep
required high levels deprivation led to a
Control condition: of attention general decline in
Normal sleep schedule cognitive function,
Received adequate Worse performance impacting both
sleep before testing on STM (working) learning new
sessions tasks: require the information and
manipulation and recalling previously
Randomised retention of learned material.
Cognitive Tasks: information over
Immediate and delayed short periods
memory recall of
information after a
6. Sleep and Cognition 1
, learning phase to
assess both STM and
LTM
Span Tasks:
Remember sequences
of letters or numbers
(e.g., digit span tasks)
Also made tasks hard
vs easy (high levels of
attention/cognitive
load)
Measure cognitive
processing speed and
attention levels for
accuracy
Reduced activity in
the prefrontal cortex
Executive functions, Reduced recall and
decision making retention of learned
information
Amygdala showed
heightened reactivity, Sufficient sleep is
correlating with crucial for the
Same method but
increased emotional effective encoding
Have et al. employed functional
dysregulation and retrieval of
(2020) MRI to assess brain
memories,
activity
Hippocampus, highlighting the
involved in memory importance of
formation, also prioritising sleep for
demonstrated optimal learning
impaired functioning, outcomes
contributing to the
observed deficits in
memory recall
Broussard et al. Meta - analysis The use of specific
(2020) Inclusion Criteria cognitive strategies,
(things those studies such as mnemonic
didn’t assess) devices, can
enhance memory
performance even in
6. Sleep and Cognition 2
6. Sleep and Cognition
Created @August 21, 2025 1:51 AM
Class PS2021
Sleep: Memory and Learning
Sleep Deprivation
The condition resulting from lack of sleep, impacting learning and memory
Point Method Results Conclusion
Yoo et al. Ages 18 - 30 Sleep deprivation: Cognitive
(2007) No sleep disorders / notable deficits in processing speed
conditions immediate and was negatively
delayed recall tasks affected which is
Sleep deprivation why = difficulties in
condition: Kept awake Lower accuracy and quick decision-
for 24 hours in a slower reaction making and
controlled environment times on recall tasks information
to prevent sleep (light processing
exposure, behaviour Increased errors
monitoring) during tasks that Effects of sleep
required high levels deprivation led to a
Control condition: of attention general decline in
Normal sleep schedule cognitive function,
Received adequate Worse performance impacting both
sleep before testing on STM (working) learning new
sessions tasks: require the information and
manipulation and recalling previously
Randomised retention of learned material.
Cognitive Tasks: information over
Immediate and delayed short periods
memory recall of
information after a
6. Sleep and Cognition 1
, learning phase to
assess both STM and
LTM
Span Tasks:
Remember sequences
of letters or numbers
(e.g., digit span tasks)
Also made tasks hard
vs easy (high levels of
attention/cognitive
load)
Measure cognitive
processing speed and
attention levels for
accuracy
Reduced activity in
the prefrontal cortex
Executive functions, Reduced recall and
decision making retention of learned
information
Amygdala showed
heightened reactivity, Sufficient sleep is
correlating with crucial for the
Same method but
increased emotional effective encoding
Have et al. employed functional
dysregulation and retrieval of
(2020) MRI to assess brain
memories,
activity
Hippocampus, highlighting the
involved in memory importance of
formation, also prioritising sleep for
demonstrated optimal learning
impaired functioning, outcomes
contributing to the
observed deficits in
memory recall
Broussard et al. Meta - analysis The use of specific
(2020) Inclusion Criteria cognitive strategies,
(things those studies such as mnemonic
didn’t assess) devices, can
enhance memory
performance even in
6. Sleep and Cognition 2
