All Possible Exam 2026 Questions and
Answers
The larger the difference between K and N - Correct answer-the greater the
incentive to free ride, True. K = minimum participants needed for success, N =
total beneficiaries. Larger (N-K) means fewer pivotal individuals, increasing free-
riding
Public good - Correct answer-A good that is non-excludable (no one can be denied
benefits) and non-rivalrous (one person's use doesn't reduce availability for others).
Examples: democracy, clean air
Free-rider problem - Correct answer-When individuals benefit from collective
action without contributing, undermining group efforts
Broadened dictatorship - Correct answer-An authoritarian regime that introduces
democratic institutions (elections, parties) to co-opt opposition while maintaining
control
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, Why do revolutions always come as a surprise? - Correct answer-Due to preference
falsification (hidden opposition) and unobservable revolutionary thresholds until
tipping points are reached
When are top-down transitions to democracy likely to occur? - Correct answer-
When soft-liners miscalculate opposition strength during liberalization, and strong
opposition forces democratization
Could a revolutionary cascade occur in society α = {0 - Correct answer-
1,3,4,5,5,6,7,8,10}?, No. Cascade stalls at Person 3 (threshold=3) with only 2
protesters, preventing broader participation
Democracy is a necessary condition for ensuring a high level of material well-
being - Correct answer-False. Evidence shows some dictatorships achieve high
well-being (triangular data shows democracy sufficient but not necessary)
Policies that promote immediate consumption are better for economic growth -
Correct answer-False. Evidence shows redistribution to consumption harms
investment-led growth
Meltzer-Richards Model - Correct answer-Explains tax policy via median voter:
poor prefer high taxes/redistribution, rich prefer low taxes, with critiques about
voting patterns and capitalist veto power
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 2
Answers
The larger the difference between K and N - Correct answer-the greater the
incentive to free ride, True. K = minimum participants needed for success, N =
total beneficiaries. Larger (N-K) means fewer pivotal individuals, increasing free-
riding
Public good - Correct answer-A good that is non-excludable (no one can be denied
benefits) and non-rivalrous (one person's use doesn't reduce availability for others).
Examples: democracy, clean air
Free-rider problem - Correct answer-When individuals benefit from collective
action without contributing, undermining group efforts
Broadened dictatorship - Correct answer-An authoritarian regime that introduces
democratic institutions (elections, parties) to co-opt opposition while maintaining
control
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 1
, Why do revolutions always come as a surprise? - Correct answer-Due to preference
falsification (hidden opposition) and unobservable revolutionary thresholds until
tipping points are reached
When are top-down transitions to democracy likely to occur? - Correct answer-
When soft-liners miscalculate opposition strength during liberalization, and strong
opposition forces democratization
Could a revolutionary cascade occur in society α = {0 - Correct answer-
1,3,4,5,5,6,7,8,10}?, No. Cascade stalls at Person 3 (threshold=3) with only 2
protesters, preventing broader participation
Democracy is a necessary condition for ensuring a high level of material well-
being - Correct answer-False. Evidence shows some dictatorships achieve high
well-being (triangular data shows democracy sufficient but not necessary)
Policies that promote immediate consumption are better for economic growth -
Correct answer-False. Evidence shows redistribution to consumption harms
investment-led growth
Meltzer-Richards Model - Correct answer-Explains tax policy via median voter:
poor prefer high taxes/redistribution, rich prefer low taxes, with critiques about
voting patterns and capitalist veto power
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 2
