NR283 Pathophysiology Final Exam-study guide [ACTUAL
EXAM] LATEST VERSION [QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS]
DETAILED AND VERIFIED FOR GUARANTEED PASS- LATEST
UPDATE 2025 GRADED A (BRAND NEW!!)
what is the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis?
inflammation, fever, weakness, joint deformity, aching and stiffness, painful, tender, and
stiff joint, loss of function, and cyst in the joint. - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what are the
signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?
systemic symptoms
ex.) fever
osteoarthritis: load bearing, sports, and trauma
rheumatoid: Autoimmune - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what is the differentiation from
osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis?
a twist of the bone looking like a spiral, most common in children due to child abuse -
CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what is a spiral fracture and who is most at risk?
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevate - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what does RICE stand for in regards to injury?
Decrease pain threshold=increased pain sensation
ex.) Sun burn - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what do prostaglandin, histamine, and cytokine
do for the body?
reduce translation of pain
ex) labor - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what does seranin and GABA do for the body?
prevent transmission of pain signals
ex.) exercise - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what do endorphins do for the body?
CNS to PNS
what to do with the pain - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what pathway of pain is Efferent?
PNS to CNS
, processed by the brain - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what pathway of pain is Afferent?
amount of pain body can handle before you involuntarily remove the stimuli -
CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what is pain tolerance?
*same for everyone*
Minimum amount of stimuli it takes to perceive pain - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what is pain
threshold?
brain interprets the signal - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what is pain perception?
signal goes to the CNS - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what is the role of pain transmission?
nociceptors pick up pain signals - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what is the role of pain
transduction?
transmits pain - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what is the role of nociceptors?
chemicals the nervous system use to communicate - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what are
neurotransmitters?
increased or decreased transmissions of pain signals (manages pain) - CORRECT
✔✔✔✔✔ what is modulation of pain?
dysfunction of the nervous system?
ex.) fibromyalgia - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what is neuropathic pain?
pain where the real issue is NOT located
ex) heart attack, left shoulder - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what is referred pain?
internal organs - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ where is visceral pain located?
skin, muscles, and joints - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ where is somatic pain located?
pain lasting longer than 6 months, nonprotective - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what is chronic
pain?
pain lasting less than 3 months, protective - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what is acute pain?
massive firing of neurons at once - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what is a seizure?
metabolic, congenital, genetic, perinatal, trauma, infection, tumor, vascular disease,
drugs and alcohol abuse - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what risk factors and causes of
seizures?
EXAM] LATEST VERSION [QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS]
DETAILED AND VERIFIED FOR GUARANTEED PASS- LATEST
UPDATE 2025 GRADED A (BRAND NEW!!)
what is the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis?
inflammation, fever, weakness, joint deformity, aching and stiffness, painful, tender, and
stiff joint, loss of function, and cyst in the joint. - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what are the
signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?
systemic symptoms
ex.) fever
osteoarthritis: load bearing, sports, and trauma
rheumatoid: Autoimmune - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what is the differentiation from
osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis?
a twist of the bone looking like a spiral, most common in children due to child abuse -
CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what is a spiral fracture and who is most at risk?
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevate - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what does RICE stand for in regards to injury?
Decrease pain threshold=increased pain sensation
ex.) Sun burn - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what do prostaglandin, histamine, and cytokine
do for the body?
reduce translation of pain
ex) labor - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what does seranin and GABA do for the body?
prevent transmission of pain signals
ex.) exercise - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what do endorphins do for the body?
CNS to PNS
what to do with the pain - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what pathway of pain is Efferent?
PNS to CNS
, processed by the brain - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what pathway of pain is Afferent?
amount of pain body can handle before you involuntarily remove the stimuli -
CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what is pain tolerance?
*same for everyone*
Minimum amount of stimuli it takes to perceive pain - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what is pain
threshold?
brain interprets the signal - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what is pain perception?
signal goes to the CNS - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what is the role of pain transmission?
nociceptors pick up pain signals - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what is the role of pain
transduction?
transmits pain - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what is the role of nociceptors?
chemicals the nervous system use to communicate - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what are
neurotransmitters?
increased or decreased transmissions of pain signals (manages pain) - CORRECT
✔✔✔✔✔ what is modulation of pain?
dysfunction of the nervous system?
ex.) fibromyalgia - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what is neuropathic pain?
pain where the real issue is NOT located
ex) heart attack, left shoulder - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what is referred pain?
internal organs - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ where is visceral pain located?
skin, muscles, and joints - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ where is somatic pain located?
pain lasting longer than 6 months, nonprotective - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what is chronic
pain?
pain lasting less than 3 months, protective - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what is acute pain?
massive firing of neurons at once - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what is a seizure?
metabolic, congenital, genetic, perinatal, trauma, infection, tumor, vascular disease,
drugs and alcohol abuse - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ what risk factors and causes of
seizures?
