NUR 631 Quiz Pack – D’Youville University | Complete Verified
Questions & Answers | Study Guide with Explanations
QUESTION 1
Which of the following best defines the structure of a cell?
A. The smallest molecule involved in metabolism
B. The part of the body that fights infection
C. The structural and functional unit of all living organisms
D. The building block of DNA
Rationale: The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living
organisms. It performs all life processes and is essential for growth, reproduction,
and repair.
QUESTION 2
What is the term for the movement of substances across the cell membrane?
A. Protein synthesis
B. Cellular respiration
C. Membrane transport
D. Phagocytosis
Rationale: Membrane transport refers to the movement of substances (like ions,
nutrients, and waste) across the cell membrane, either passively or actively.
,QUESTION 3
Which statement best describes the structure of the cell membrane?
A. Single layer of DNA and proteins
B. Rigid outer covering made of cellulose
C. Lipid bilayer with embedded proteins
D. Double-stranded RNA envelope
Rationale: The cell membrane is primarily composed of a lipid bilayer with
embedded proteins that regulate entry and exit of substances.
QUESTION 4
What do action potential, resting potential, depolarization, repolarization, and the
absolute refractory period collectively describe?
A. Muscle contraction only
B. Electrical events in nerve and muscle cells
C. Immune system response
D. Cell replication mechanisms
Rationale: These terms relate to electrical signaling in neurons and muscle cells.
They describe how cells generate and transmit electrical impulses.
QUESTION 5
Which of the following terms refers to forces that regulate fluid movement and
balance in the body?
A. Action potentials
B. Hydrostatic pressure, osmotic pressure, oncotic pressure, and diffusion
C. Hormonal secretion
D. Cellular respiration
Rationale: These pressures and diffusion are key in controlling the movement of
fluids across capillaries and membranes, maintaining fluid balance.
, QUESTION 6
What do the terms hypertrophy, atrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, and dysplasia
describe?
A. Cancer development
B. Electrolyte shifts
C. Cellular adaptations to stress or injury
D. Cell division errors
Rationale: These terms describe how cells change in size, number, or type in
response to various stressors or injuries.
QUESTION 7
Which of the following is the best definition of electrolyte imbalances?
A. Changes in white blood cell count
B. DNA mutation abnormalities
C. Abnormal levels of key minerals in the blood
D. Variations in body temperature
Rationale: Electrolyte imbalances (like hypernatremia or hypokalemia) occur
when there are too many or too few electrolytes, affecting cellular function.
QUESTION 8
Which of the following best describes acid-base imbalances such as respiratory
and metabolic acidosis or alkalosis?
A. Dehydration and overhydration issues
B. Genetic abnormalities in metabolism
C. Imbalances in the pH of the blood and body fluids
D. Endocrine-related disorders
Rationale: Acid-base imbalances involve changes in blood pH caused by
respiratory or metabolic factors and are assessed using arterial blood gases (ABG).
Questions & Answers | Study Guide with Explanations
QUESTION 1
Which of the following best defines the structure of a cell?
A. The smallest molecule involved in metabolism
B. The part of the body that fights infection
C. The structural and functional unit of all living organisms
D. The building block of DNA
Rationale: The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living
organisms. It performs all life processes and is essential for growth, reproduction,
and repair.
QUESTION 2
What is the term for the movement of substances across the cell membrane?
A. Protein synthesis
B. Cellular respiration
C. Membrane transport
D. Phagocytosis
Rationale: Membrane transport refers to the movement of substances (like ions,
nutrients, and waste) across the cell membrane, either passively or actively.
,QUESTION 3
Which statement best describes the structure of the cell membrane?
A. Single layer of DNA and proteins
B. Rigid outer covering made of cellulose
C. Lipid bilayer with embedded proteins
D. Double-stranded RNA envelope
Rationale: The cell membrane is primarily composed of a lipid bilayer with
embedded proteins that regulate entry and exit of substances.
QUESTION 4
What do action potential, resting potential, depolarization, repolarization, and the
absolute refractory period collectively describe?
A. Muscle contraction only
B. Electrical events in nerve and muscle cells
C. Immune system response
D. Cell replication mechanisms
Rationale: These terms relate to electrical signaling in neurons and muscle cells.
They describe how cells generate and transmit electrical impulses.
QUESTION 5
Which of the following terms refers to forces that regulate fluid movement and
balance in the body?
A. Action potentials
B. Hydrostatic pressure, osmotic pressure, oncotic pressure, and diffusion
C. Hormonal secretion
D. Cellular respiration
Rationale: These pressures and diffusion are key in controlling the movement of
fluids across capillaries and membranes, maintaining fluid balance.
, QUESTION 6
What do the terms hypertrophy, atrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, and dysplasia
describe?
A. Cancer development
B. Electrolyte shifts
C. Cellular adaptations to stress or injury
D. Cell division errors
Rationale: These terms describe how cells change in size, number, or type in
response to various stressors or injuries.
QUESTION 7
Which of the following is the best definition of electrolyte imbalances?
A. Changes in white blood cell count
B. DNA mutation abnormalities
C. Abnormal levels of key minerals in the blood
D. Variations in body temperature
Rationale: Electrolyte imbalances (like hypernatremia or hypokalemia) occur
when there are too many or too few electrolytes, affecting cellular function.
QUESTION 8
Which of the following best describes acid-base imbalances such as respiratory
and metabolic acidosis or alkalosis?
A. Dehydration and overhydration issues
B. Genetic abnormalities in metabolism
C. Imbalances in the pH of the blood and body fluids
D. Endocrine-related disorders
Rationale: Acid-base imbalances involve changes in blood pH caused by
respiratory or metabolic factors and are assessed using arterial blood gases (ABG).
