BIO 220 Final Exam UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Testes - CORRECT ANSWERS (male gonads) produce sex cells
Ovaries - CORRECT ANSWERS (female gonads) produce sex cells
Meiosis - CORRECT ANSWERS how sex cells are produced
Prophase I - CORRECT ANSWERS involves synapsis; crossover occurs
Metaphase I - CORRECT ANSWERS chromosome pairs line up on midline of spindle; alignment
is random, with respect to maternal or paternal origin
Anaphase I - CORRECT ANSWERS homologous chromosome pairs separate, each replicated
member migrating to a different pole; each daughter cell receives only 1 replicated number of each
chromosome pair; this reduces the chromosome number by half
Telophase I - CORRECT ANSWERS cell divides completely, forming 2 new haploid daughter cells;
each new cell contains 23 individual chromosomes with 2 chromatids
Synapsis - CORRECT ANSWERS pairing of homologous chromosomes
Crossover - CORRECT ANSWERS exchange of genetic material between homologous
chromosomes, to produce chromosomes with genetic information from both parents
Prophase II - CORRECT ANSWERS chromosomes condense and reappear, still replicated
Metaphase II - CORRECT ANSWERS replicated chromosomes attach to spindle fibers along
midline
Anaphase II - CORRECT ANSWERS centromeres separate, and chromatids migrate to opposite
poles; chromatids are now considered chromosomes
,Telophase II - CORRECT ANSWERS each of 2 cells produced in meiosis I divides into 2 daughter
cells
Tunica Albuginea - CORRECT ANSWERS tough, fibrous capsule enclosing each testis
Lobules - CORRECT ANSWERS compartments in testis, separated by connective tissue septa
Seminiferous tubules - CORRECT ANSWERS highly coiled tubules inside lobules; lined with
stratified epithelium containing spermatogenic cells that give rise to sperm cells
Interstitial Cells (Cells of Leydig) - CORRECT ANSWERS lie between seminiferous tubules;
produce and secrete male sex hormones
Rete Testis - CORRECT ANSWERS channels that transport sperm from testis to epididymis
Epididymis - CORRECT ANSWERS coiled tube on surface of testis, that transports sperm from
rete testis to ductus deferens; promote maturation of sperm cells
Ductus Deferens - CORRECT ANSWERS part of the spermatic cord; extends from epididymis to
ejaculatory duct
Seminal Vesicles - CORRECT ANSWERS attached to ductus deferens; secrete alkaline fluid,
which regulates pH in male and female tracts; contributes most of volume of semen
Prostate Gland - CORRECT ANSWERS surrounds proximal portion of urethra; secretes a thin,
milky, alkaline fluid; secretion enhances sperm motility; contributes to volume of semen
Bulbourethral Glands - CORRECT ANSWERS secrete mucus-like fluid into urethra; fluid released
in response to sexual stimulation; lubricates end of penis
Semen - CORRECT ANSWERS contains sperm cells from the testes; slightly alkaline, pH 7.5
, Scrotum - CORRECT ANSWERS pouch of skin and subcutaneous tissue, located behind penis;
subcutaneous tissue lacks fat
Dartos Muscle - CORRECT ANSWERS smooth muscle in subcutaneous tissue; contracts and
relaxes in response to temperature changes, to keep testes at optimal temperature for sperm
production and survival
Erection (male) - CORRECT ANSWERS during sexual stimulation parasympathetic nerve
impulses release nitric oxide, which dilates arteries of penis; pressure of arterial blood compresses
veins
Orgasm (male) - CORRECT ANSWERS culmination of sexual stimulation; dependent on
sympathetic nerve impulses
Emission - CORRECT ANSWERS movement of semen into the urethra
Ejaculation - CORRECT ANSWERS movement of semen out of the urethra
Sperm (Head) - CORRECT ANSWERS nucleus contains 23 chrmosomes
Sperm (Midpiece, Body) - CORRECT ANSWERS contains many mitochondria, which provide ATP
for swimming
Sperm (Tail, Flagellum) - CORRECT ANSWERS contains many microtubules enclosed in
extension of cell membrane; lashing movement propels sperm toward egg
Androgens - CORRECT ANSWERS male sex hormones; interstitial cells of testes produce most of
them, but small amounts are made in the adrenal cortex
Testosterone - CORRECT ANSWERS most important androgen; secretion begins during fetal
development and continues until several weeks after birth, after which secretion nearly stops during
childhood
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Testes - CORRECT ANSWERS (male gonads) produce sex cells
Ovaries - CORRECT ANSWERS (female gonads) produce sex cells
Meiosis - CORRECT ANSWERS how sex cells are produced
Prophase I - CORRECT ANSWERS involves synapsis; crossover occurs
Metaphase I - CORRECT ANSWERS chromosome pairs line up on midline of spindle; alignment
is random, with respect to maternal or paternal origin
Anaphase I - CORRECT ANSWERS homologous chromosome pairs separate, each replicated
member migrating to a different pole; each daughter cell receives only 1 replicated number of each
chromosome pair; this reduces the chromosome number by half
Telophase I - CORRECT ANSWERS cell divides completely, forming 2 new haploid daughter cells;
each new cell contains 23 individual chromosomes with 2 chromatids
Synapsis - CORRECT ANSWERS pairing of homologous chromosomes
Crossover - CORRECT ANSWERS exchange of genetic material between homologous
chromosomes, to produce chromosomes with genetic information from both parents
Prophase II - CORRECT ANSWERS chromosomes condense and reappear, still replicated
Metaphase II - CORRECT ANSWERS replicated chromosomes attach to spindle fibers along
midline
Anaphase II - CORRECT ANSWERS centromeres separate, and chromatids migrate to opposite
poles; chromatids are now considered chromosomes
,Telophase II - CORRECT ANSWERS each of 2 cells produced in meiosis I divides into 2 daughter
cells
Tunica Albuginea - CORRECT ANSWERS tough, fibrous capsule enclosing each testis
Lobules - CORRECT ANSWERS compartments in testis, separated by connective tissue septa
Seminiferous tubules - CORRECT ANSWERS highly coiled tubules inside lobules; lined with
stratified epithelium containing spermatogenic cells that give rise to sperm cells
Interstitial Cells (Cells of Leydig) - CORRECT ANSWERS lie between seminiferous tubules;
produce and secrete male sex hormones
Rete Testis - CORRECT ANSWERS channels that transport sperm from testis to epididymis
Epididymis - CORRECT ANSWERS coiled tube on surface of testis, that transports sperm from
rete testis to ductus deferens; promote maturation of sperm cells
Ductus Deferens - CORRECT ANSWERS part of the spermatic cord; extends from epididymis to
ejaculatory duct
Seminal Vesicles - CORRECT ANSWERS attached to ductus deferens; secrete alkaline fluid,
which regulates pH in male and female tracts; contributes most of volume of semen
Prostate Gland - CORRECT ANSWERS surrounds proximal portion of urethra; secretes a thin,
milky, alkaline fluid; secretion enhances sperm motility; contributes to volume of semen
Bulbourethral Glands - CORRECT ANSWERS secrete mucus-like fluid into urethra; fluid released
in response to sexual stimulation; lubricates end of penis
Semen - CORRECT ANSWERS contains sperm cells from the testes; slightly alkaline, pH 7.5
, Scrotum - CORRECT ANSWERS pouch of skin and subcutaneous tissue, located behind penis;
subcutaneous tissue lacks fat
Dartos Muscle - CORRECT ANSWERS smooth muscle in subcutaneous tissue; contracts and
relaxes in response to temperature changes, to keep testes at optimal temperature for sperm
production and survival
Erection (male) - CORRECT ANSWERS during sexual stimulation parasympathetic nerve
impulses release nitric oxide, which dilates arteries of penis; pressure of arterial blood compresses
veins
Orgasm (male) - CORRECT ANSWERS culmination of sexual stimulation; dependent on
sympathetic nerve impulses
Emission - CORRECT ANSWERS movement of semen into the urethra
Ejaculation - CORRECT ANSWERS movement of semen out of the urethra
Sperm (Head) - CORRECT ANSWERS nucleus contains 23 chrmosomes
Sperm (Midpiece, Body) - CORRECT ANSWERS contains many mitochondria, which provide ATP
for swimming
Sperm (Tail, Flagellum) - CORRECT ANSWERS contains many microtubules enclosed in
extension of cell membrane; lashing movement propels sperm toward egg
Androgens - CORRECT ANSWERS male sex hormones; interstitial cells of testes produce most of
them, but small amounts are made in the adrenal cortex
Testosterone - CORRECT ANSWERS most important androgen; secretion begins during fetal
development and continues until several weeks after birth, after which secretion nearly stops during
childhood
