Solution Manual for Statistics for Nursing Research. A workbook for evidence Based Practice 3 rd Edition by Susan Groove Daisha
Solution Manual for
Statistics for Nursing
Research. A workbook for
rd
evidence Based Practice 3
Edition by Susan Groove
Daisha
,Solution Manual for Statistics for Nursing Research. A workbook for evidence Based Practice 3 rd Edition by Susan Groove Daisha
The questions are in bold followed by answers.
1. In Table 1, identify the level of trialment for the current therapy variable. Provide a logic for
your answer.
Answer: The current therapy variable was triald at the nominal level. These drug categories were
probably developed to be exhaustive for this study and included the categories of drugs the subjects
were receiving. However, the categories are not exclusive, since patients are usually on more than
one category of these drugs to manage their well-being problems. The current therapies are not
triald at the ordinal level because they cannot be rank ordered, since no drug category can be
considered more or less beneficial than another drug category (see Figure 1 -1; Grove & Gray,
2019).
2. What is the mode for the current therapy variable in this study? Provide a logic for your
answer.
Answer: The mode for current therapy was β blocker. A total of 100 (94%) of the cardiac patients
were receiving this category of drug, which was the most common prescribed drug for this
sample.
3. What statistics were conducted to describe the BMI of the cardiac patients in this sample?
Discuss whether these analysis techniques were appropriate or inappropriate.
Answer: BMI was described with a mean and standard deviation (SD). BMI trialment resulted in
ratio-level data with continuous values and an absolute zero (Stone & Frazier, 2017). Ratio -
level data should be analyzed with parametric statistics such as the mean and SD (Grove & Gray,
2017; Knapp, 2017).
4. Researchers used the following item to trial registered nurses’ (RNs) income in a study: What
category identifies your current income as an RN?
a. Less than $50,000
b. $50,000 to 59,999
c. $60,000 to 69,999
d. $70,000 to 80,000
e. $80,000 or greater
What level of trialment is this income variable? Does the income variable follow the rules
outlined in Figure 1-1? Provide a logic for your answer.
Answer: In this example, the income variable is triald at the ordinal level. The income categories
are exhaustive, ranging from less than $50,000 to greater than $80,000. The two open-ended
categories ensure that all salary levels are covered. The categories are not exclusive, since categories
(d) and (e) include an $80,000 salary, so study participants making $80,000 might mark either
(d) or (e) or both categories, resulting in erroneous data. Category (e) could be changed to
greater than $80,000, making the categories exclusive. The categories can be rank ordered
from the lowest salary to the highest salary, which is consistent with ordinal data (Grove & Gray,
2019; Waltz et al., 2017).
5. What level of trialment is the CDS score? Provide a logic for your answer.
Answer: The CDS score is at the interval level of trialment. The CDS is a 26-item Likert
scale developed to trial depression in cardiac patients. Study participants rated their symp- toms
on a scale of 1 to 7, with higher numbers indicating increased severity in the depression symptoms.
The total scores for each subject obtained from this multi-item scale are considered to be at the
interval level of trialment (Gray et al., 2017; Waltz et al., 2017).
6. Were nonparametric or parametric analysis techniques used to analyze the CDS scores for
the cardiac patients in this study? Provide a logic for your answer.
Answer: Parametric statistics, such as mean and SD, were conducted to describe CDS scoresfor
study participants (see Table 1). CDS scores are interval-level data as indicated in Questions 5, so
parametric statistics are appropriate for this level of data (Gray et al., 2017; Kim & Mallory, 2017).
7. Is the prevalence of depression linked to the NYHA class? Discuss the clinical importance
,Solution Manual for Statistics for Nursing Research. A workbook for evidence Based Practice 3 rd Edition by Susan Groove Daisha
of this result.
Answer: The study narrative indicated that the prevalence of depression increased with the
greater NYHA class. In NYHA class III, 64% of the subjects were depressed, whereas 11% of the
subjects were depressed in NYHA class I. Thus, as the NYHA class increased, the number of sub-
jects with depression increased. This is an expected finding because as the NYHA class increases,
cardiac patients have more severe physical symptoms, which usually result in emotional distress,
such as depression. Nurses need to actively assess cardiac patients for depression, especially those
in higher NYHA classes, so they might be diagnosed and treated as needed.
8. What frequency and percent of cardiac patients in this study were not being treated with
an antidepressant? Show your calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole
percent (%).
Answer: A total of 106 cardiac patients participated in this study. The sample included 15
patients who were receiving an antidepressant (see Table 1). The number of cardiac patients
not treated for depression was 91 (106 – 15 = 91). The group percent is calculatedby the
following formula: (group frequency ÷ total sample size) × 100%. For this study,(91
patients ÷ 106 sample size) × 100% = 0.858 × 100% = 85.8% = 86%. The finalanswer is rounded
to the nearest whole percent as directed in the question. You could havealso subtracted the
14% of patients treated with antidepressants from 100% and obtained the 86% who were not
treated with an antidepressant.
9. What was the purpose of the 6-minute walk test (6MWT)? Would the 6MWT be useful in
clinical practice?
Answer: Ha et al. (2018) stated, “The 6-min walk test (6MWT) is a trial of the submaximal, steady-
state functional capacity” of cardiac patients. This test would be a quick, easy way to determine a
cardiac patient’s functional status in a clinical setting. This functional statusscore could be used
to determine the treatment plan to promote or maintain functional statusof cardiac patients.
, Solution Manual for Statistics for Nursing Research. A workbook for evidence Based Practice 3 rd Edition by Susan Groove Daisha
Answer Guidelines for Questions to Be Graded AG 1-3
10. How was exercise confidence triald in this study? What was the level of trialment for the
exercise confidence variable in this study? Provide a logic for your answer. Answer:
Exercise confidence of the patients with heart failure (HF) in this study was triald with the
Exercise Confidence Scale that included four subscales focused on walking, climbing, lifting
objects of graded weight, and running (see the study narrative). This was a rating scale with
values ranging from 0 to 100. The patients’ scores for the Total Exercise Confidence scale and
the subscales were considered interval-level data and analyzed with parametric statistics, such
as means and SDs (see the study narrative; Waltz et al., 2017).
Solution Manual for
Statistics for Nursing
Research. A workbook for
rd
evidence Based Practice 3
Edition by Susan Groove
Daisha
,Solution Manual for Statistics for Nursing Research. A workbook for evidence Based Practice 3 rd Edition by Susan Groove Daisha
The questions are in bold followed by answers.
1. In Table 1, identify the level of trialment for the current therapy variable. Provide a logic for
your answer.
Answer: The current therapy variable was triald at the nominal level. These drug categories were
probably developed to be exhaustive for this study and included the categories of drugs the subjects
were receiving. However, the categories are not exclusive, since patients are usually on more than
one category of these drugs to manage their well-being problems. The current therapies are not
triald at the ordinal level because they cannot be rank ordered, since no drug category can be
considered more or less beneficial than another drug category (see Figure 1 -1; Grove & Gray,
2019).
2. What is the mode for the current therapy variable in this study? Provide a logic for your
answer.
Answer: The mode for current therapy was β blocker. A total of 100 (94%) of the cardiac patients
were receiving this category of drug, which was the most common prescribed drug for this
sample.
3. What statistics were conducted to describe the BMI of the cardiac patients in this sample?
Discuss whether these analysis techniques were appropriate or inappropriate.
Answer: BMI was described with a mean and standard deviation (SD). BMI trialment resulted in
ratio-level data with continuous values and an absolute zero (Stone & Frazier, 2017). Ratio -
level data should be analyzed with parametric statistics such as the mean and SD (Grove & Gray,
2017; Knapp, 2017).
4. Researchers used the following item to trial registered nurses’ (RNs) income in a study: What
category identifies your current income as an RN?
a. Less than $50,000
b. $50,000 to 59,999
c. $60,000 to 69,999
d. $70,000 to 80,000
e. $80,000 or greater
What level of trialment is this income variable? Does the income variable follow the rules
outlined in Figure 1-1? Provide a logic for your answer.
Answer: In this example, the income variable is triald at the ordinal level. The income categories
are exhaustive, ranging from less than $50,000 to greater than $80,000. The two open-ended
categories ensure that all salary levels are covered. The categories are not exclusive, since categories
(d) and (e) include an $80,000 salary, so study participants making $80,000 might mark either
(d) or (e) or both categories, resulting in erroneous data. Category (e) could be changed to
greater than $80,000, making the categories exclusive. The categories can be rank ordered
from the lowest salary to the highest salary, which is consistent with ordinal data (Grove & Gray,
2019; Waltz et al., 2017).
5. What level of trialment is the CDS score? Provide a logic for your answer.
Answer: The CDS score is at the interval level of trialment. The CDS is a 26-item Likert
scale developed to trial depression in cardiac patients. Study participants rated their symp- toms
on a scale of 1 to 7, with higher numbers indicating increased severity in the depression symptoms.
The total scores for each subject obtained from this multi-item scale are considered to be at the
interval level of trialment (Gray et al., 2017; Waltz et al., 2017).
6. Were nonparametric or parametric analysis techniques used to analyze the CDS scores for
the cardiac patients in this study? Provide a logic for your answer.
Answer: Parametric statistics, such as mean and SD, were conducted to describe CDS scoresfor
study participants (see Table 1). CDS scores are interval-level data as indicated in Questions 5, so
parametric statistics are appropriate for this level of data (Gray et al., 2017; Kim & Mallory, 2017).
7. Is the prevalence of depression linked to the NYHA class? Discuss the clinical importance
,Solution Manual for Statistics for Nursing Research. A workbook for evidence Based Practice 3 rd Edition by Susan Groove Daisha
of this result.
Answer: The study narrative indicated that the prevalence of depression increased with the
greater NYHA class. In NYHA class III, 64% of the subjects were depressed, whereas 11% of the
subjects were depressed in NYHA class I. Thus, as the NYHA class increased, the number of sub-
jects with depression increased. This is an expected finding because as the NYHA class increases,
cardiac patients have more severe physical symptoms, which usually result in emotional distress,
such as depression. Nurses need to actively assess cardiac patients for depression, especially those
in higher NYHA classes, so they might be diagnosed and treated as needed.
8. What frequency and percent of cardiac patients in this study were not being treated with
an antidepressant? Show your calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole
percent (%).
Answer: A total of 106 cardiac patients participated in this study. The sample included 15
patients who were receiving an antidepressant (see Table 1). The number of cardiac patients
not treated for depression was 91 (106 – 15 = 91). The group percent is calculatedby the
following formula: (group frequency ÷ total sample size) × 100%. For this study,(91
patients ÷ 106 sample size) × 100% = 0.858 × 100% = 85.8% = 86%. The finalanswer is rounded
to the nearest whole percent as directed in the question. You could havealso subtracted the
14% of patients treated with antidepressants from 100% and obtained the 86% who were not
treated with an antidepressant.
9. What was the purpose of the 6-minute walk test (6MWT)? Would the 6MWT be useful in
clinical practice?
Answer: Ha et al. (2018) stated, “The 6-min walk test (6MWT) is a trial of the submaximal, steady-
state functional capacity” of cardiac patients. This test would be a quick, easy way to determine a
cardiac patient’s functional status in a clinical setting. This functional statusscore could be used
to determine the treatment plan to promote or maintain functional statusof cardiac patients.
, Solution Manual for Statistics for Nursing Research. A workbook for evidence Based Practice 3 rd Edition by Susan Groove Daisha
Answer Guidelines for Questions to Be Graded AG 1-3
10. How was exercise confidence triald in this study? What was the level of trialment for the
exercise confidence variable in this study? Provide a logic for your answer. Answer:
Exercise confidence of the patients with heart failure (HF) in this study was triald with the
Exercise Confidence Scale that included four subscales focused on walking, climbing, lifting
objects of graded weight, and running (see the study narrative). This was a rating scale with
values ranging from 0 to 100. The patients’ scores for the Total Exercise Confidence scale and
the subscales were considered interval-level data and analyzed with parametric statistics, such
as means and SDs (see the study narrative; Waltz et al., 2017).
