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counting, estimation, and grouping
activities with connections to
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symbolic numerals. Activities that
integrate learning place value and
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large number concepts and number
sense should be included.
1 12 The connection to place value may
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lengthen your stay on this chapter.
Move discussion from direct
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modeling and student-invented
strategies (including mental
methods of computation) to the
standard algorithms for each of the
four operations. Focus discussion
on the value of teaching flexible
methods first versus immediately
teaching the standard algorithms.)
Some of Chapters 12 and 13 may
need to be left to self-study.
1 13 Discuss algebraic reasoning and
functions, the meaning of equality
(and the equal sign), the uses of
variables, and generalizations from
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whole number computation.
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Address repeating patterns,
growing patterns, and functions.
For this pre-K–6 course, you can
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skip some of the sections on
functions as you deem appropriate.
1 14, Discuss fraction concepts. You
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really need a full week on this
chapter if you can find it. Even
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though these concepts are all
developed in grades 3–5,
prospective teachers do not have a
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good understanding of fraction
concepts. Furthermore, without this
development, Chapter 15 will be
quite difficult. The message should
be strongly made that the difficulty
with fraction computation is almost
certainly a function of weak
fraction concepts.
1 15 Discuss fraction computation
focusing on the importance of
estimation and perhaps the
reasoning behind the division
algorithm.
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0.5 16 Discuss decimal and percent
concepts. This will include
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development of decimal concepts,
connections to fractions, a short
look at computation (mostly
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estimation), and about one-half
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week on percent problems (mainly
for sixth grade).
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1 18 Discuss measurement. Have
students read the sections on
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volume measurement and formula
development. You may want to use
some of your geometry time on this
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chapter.
1 19 Discuss geometry using activities
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that illustrate the van Hiele levels
of thought. This is best done with
activities found in the front
sections of the chapter from the
Shapes and Properties strand.
Spend the rest of the time
introducing some understanding of
the other three content goals.
0.5 20 Discuss data analysis. Although
this is very short, you should
discuss the GAISE report.
Emphasize the process of doing
statistics including posing
questions, data collection, and
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drawing inferences. Most teacher
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candidates are very focused on
creating an attractive graph and
need to learn to analyze what these
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data tell us.
Topics omitted in the above include ratio and proportion (Chapter 17), probability (Chapter 21), and concepts of
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exponents, integers and real numbers (Chapter 22).
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Note: This is an enormously ambitious semester. It will be hard to do a really good job of all of this content, yet you
will likely be tempted to add more.
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Pre-K–3 or Early Childhood Course (16 weeks)
Weeks Chapter Topic
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1 1 Discuss directions in mathematics
education: the NCTM Standards
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documents, the Curriculum Focal
Points, and the NAEYC/NCTM
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Position Statement (briefly look at
the very first page of Chapter 8).
This is a good time to discuss your
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own state/province and local
issues, standards, and grade level
expectations for early childhood
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settings. Students should read
Chapter 1 ahead of the class
session. They should be aware of
the Standards for Mathematical
Practice in Appendix A and be
encouraged to read sections of the
overview of the standards found on
the NCTM website.
1 2 Discuss the ideas of “knowing and
doing mathematics” and reflection
on the idea of mathematics as a
science of pattern and order, as
well as constructivist and socio-
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cultural approaches to learning and
implications for instruction.
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1 3 Discuss teaching mathematics with
a problem-solving approach, an
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examination of regular problem-
solving or performance-based
tasks, and teaching actions with a
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problem-solving approach to
instruction (see Appendix B for
guidelines for effective teaching
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from NCTM).
1 4 Discuss how to plan a lesson to be
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taught with a student-centered,
problem-solving approach,
including the value of drill vs.
practice, grading, homework and
others that you may feel are
important. When possible connect
these ideas to the practicum class if
available. Preservice teachers will
have difficulty with these ideas
early in the course. However, by
exploring lesson planning early on,
students have a structure for on-
going assignments and
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practicum/field experience tasks. If
your program has a separate
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general methods course, some of
this content may be handled there
and therefore reduced here.
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