,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Bailey and Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology
14th Edition Tille
Chapter 02: Bacterial Genetics, Metabolism, and Structure
Tille: Bailey & Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology, 14th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Pieces of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that move from one genetic element to another and
contain genes for movement and genes for other features are called:
a. transposons.
b. insertion sequences.
c. plasmids.
d. chromatoids.
ANS: A
Insertion sequences only code for movement.
REF: 8
2. Miniature chromosomes composed of several genes in double-stranded, closed, circular
structures are called:
a. transposons.
b. insertion sequences.
c. plasmids.
d. chromatoids.
ANS: C
Plasmids can be separate entities, but transposable elements (transposons and insertion
sequences) cannot.
REF: 8
3. A DNA sequence that encodes for a specific product (ribonucleic acid [RNA] or protein) is
defined as a:
a. gene.
b. genome.
c. nucleotide.
d. deoxyribonucleic acid.
ANS: A
The genome is the collection of all the genes of an organism. Nucleotides and DNA are
building blocks of genes.
REF: 6
4. The enzyme that adds nucleotide bases to each growing daughter strand in the replication
process is called:
a. replication enzymes.
b. DNA polymerase.
c. insertion sequence enzymes.
d. transcriptase.
ANS: B
mynursytest.store
,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Bailey and Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology
14th Edition Tille
DNA polymerase is a specific type of replication enzyme.
REF: 9
5. If a bacterial cell encounters unfavorable environmental conditions, then its metabolism will
begin to slow until it eventually transforms into an inactive, dormant state. This survival
mechanism is known as:
a. polymerization.
b. oxidation.
c. respiration.
d. sporulation.
ANS: D
Organisms sporulate when unfavorable conditions are encountered and remain in this state
until favorable conditions return.
REF: 23
6. Teichoic acids, mycolic acids, peptidoglycan, and disaccharide-pentapeptide subunits are all
building blocks of which bacterial structure?
a. Outer cell membrane
b. Flagella
c. Inner cell membrane
d. Cell wall
ANS: D
These elements are all part of the cell walls of some types of bacteria.
REF: 21 | 22
7. The major difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria is that:
a. the peptidoglycan layer in gram-positive bacteria is substantially thinner than in
gram-negative bacteria.
b. gram-positive bacteria contain a periplasmic space, whereas gram-negative
bacteria do not.
c. flagella are only present in gram-positive bacteria.
d. gram-negative bacteria contain an outer membrane that functions as the cell’s
initial barrier to the environment.
ANS: D
Gram-negative bacteria contain an outer membrane, but gram-positive bacteria do not.
REF: 21
8. In gene regulation and control, repression is defined as the:
a. internal change in the original nucleotide sequence of a gene or genes within an
organism’s genome.
b. mechanism of genetic control in which genes are induced only when the substrate
to be degraded by enzymatic action is present.
c. change of the bacterial genotypes through the exchange of DNA from one cell to
another.
d. mechanism of genetic control in which genes are not transcribed and therefore are
mynursytest.store
, DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Bailey and Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology
14th Edition Tille
not expressed in the presence of those target products in sufficient supply.
ANS: D
To avoid waste and overproduction of enzymes in the cell, some genes are turned off by the
presence of the product of that gene expression.
REF: 12
9. In gene regulation and control, induction can be defined as the:
a. mechanism of genetic control in which genes are induced only when the substrate
to be degraded by enzymatic action is present.
b. uptake of free DNA from the environment and recombination with the recipient’s
homologous DNA.
c. mechanism of genetic control in which genes are not transcribed and therefore are
not expressed in the presence of those target products in sufficient supply.
d. change of the bacterial genotypes through the exchange of DNA from one cell to
another.
ANS: A
To avoid waste and overproduction of enzymes in the cell, some genes are turned on only by
the presence of the substrate of that gene expression.
REF: 13
10. Mutation is defined as the:
a. change of the bacterial genotypes through the exchange of DNA from one cell to
another.
b. internal change in the original nucleotide sequence of a gene or genes within an
organism’s genome.
c. process by which genetic elements such as plasmids and transposons excise from
one genomic location and insert into another.
d. uptake of free DNA from the environment and recombination with the recipient’s
homologous DNA.
ANS: B
Mutation occurs as an internal change in the original nucleotide sequence of a gene or genes
within an organism’s genome.
REF: 14
11. Recombination is defined as the:
a. change of the bacterial genotypes through the exchange of DNA from one cell to
another.
b. internal change in the original nucleotide sequence of a gene or genes within an
organism’s genome.
c. process by which genetic elements such as plasmids and transposons excise from
one genomic location and insert into another.
d. uptake of free DNA from the environment and recombination with the recipient’s
homologous DNA.
ANS: A
mynursytest.store
14th Edition Tille
Chapter 02: Bacterial Genetics, Metabolism, and Structure
Tille: Bailey & Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology, 14th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Pieces of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that move from one genetic element to another and
contain genes for movement and genes for other features are called:
a. transposons.
b. insertion sequences.
c. plasmids.
d. chromatoids.
ANS: A
Insertion sequences only code for movement.
REF: 8
2. Miniature chromosomes composed of several genes in double-stranded, closed, circular
structures are called:
a. transposons.
b. insertion sequences.
c. plasmids.
d. chromatoids.
ANS: C
Plasmids can be separate entities, but transposable elements (transposons and insertion
sequences) cannot.
REF: 8
3. A DNA sequence that encodes for a specific product (ribonucleic acid [RNA] or protein) is
defined as a:
a. gene.
b. genome.
c. nucleotide.
d. deoxyribonucleic acid.
ANS: A
The genome is the collection of all the genes of an organism. Nucleotides and DNA are
building blocks of genes.
REF: 6
4. The enzyme that adds nucleotide bases to each growing daughter strand in the replication
process is called:
a. replication enzymes.
b. DNA polymerase.
c. insertion sequence enzymes.
d. transcriptase.
ANS: B
mynursytest.store
,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Bailey and Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology
14th Edition Tille
DNA polymerase is a specific type of replication enzyme.
REF: 9
5. If a bacterial cell encounters unfavorable environmental conditions, then its metabolism will
begin to slow until it eventually transforms into an inactive, dormant state. This survival
mechanism is known as:
a. polymerization.
b. oxidation.
c. respiration.
d. sporulation.
ANS: D
Organisms sporulate when unfavorable conditions are encountered and remain in this state
until favorable conditions return.
REF: 23
6. Teichoic acids, mycolic acids, peptidoglycan, and disaccharide-pentapeptide subunits are all
building blocks of which bacterial structure?
a. Outer cell membrane
b. Flagella
c. Inner cell membrane
d. Cell wall
ANS: D
These elements are all part of the cell walls of some types of bacteria.
REF: 21 | 22
7. The major difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria is that:
a. the peptidoglycan layer in gram-positive bacteria is substantially thinner than in
gram-negative bacteria.
b. gram-positive bacteria contain a periplasmic space, whereas gram-negative
bacteria do not.
c. flagella are only present in gram-positive bacteria.
d. gram-negative bacteria contain an outer membrane that functions as the cell’s
initial barrier to the environment.
ANS: D
Gram-negative bacteria contain an outer membrane, but gram-positive bacteria do not.
REF: 21
8. In gene regulation and control, repression is defined as the:
a. internal change in the original nucleotide sequence of a gene or genes within an
organism’s genome.
b. mechanism of genetic control in which genes are induced only when the substrate
to be degraded by enzymatic action is present.
c. change of the bacterial genotypes through the exchange of DNA from one cell to
another.
d. mechanism of genetic control in which genes are not transcribed and therefore are
mynursytest.store
, DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Bailey and Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology
14th Edition Tille
not expressed in the presence of those target products in sufficient supply.
ANS: D
To avoid waste and overproduction of enzymes in the cell, some genes are turned off by the
presence of the product of that gene expression.
REF: 12
9. In gene regulation and control, induction can be defined as the:
a. mechanism of genetic control in which genes are induced only when the substrate
to be degraded by enzymatic action is present.
b. uptake of free DNA from the environment and recombination with the recipient’s
homologous DNA.
c. mechanism of genetic control in which genes are not transcribed and therefore are
not expressed in the presence of those target products in sufficient supply.
d. change of the bacterial genotypes through the exchange of DNA from one cell to
another.
ANS: A
To avoid waste and overproduction of enzymes in the cell, some genes are turned on only by
the presence of the substrate of that gene expression.
REF: 13
10. Mutation is defined as the:
a. change of the bacterial genotypes through the exchange of DNA from one cell to
another.
b. internal change in the original nucleotide sequence of a gene or genes within an
organism’s genome.
c. process by which genetic elements such as plasmids and transposons excise from
one genomic location and insert into another.
d. uptake of free DNA from the environment and recombination with the recipient’s
homologous DNA.
ANS: B
Mutation occurs as an internal change in the original nucleotide sequence of a gene or genes
within an organism’s genome.
REF: 14
11. Recombination is defined as the:
a. change of the bacterial genotypes through the exchange of DNA from one cell to
another.
b. internal change in the original nucleotide sequence of a gene or genes within an
organism’s genome.
c. process by which genetic elements such as plasmids and transposons excise from
one genomic location and insert into another.
d. uptake of free DNA from the environment and recombination with the recipient’s
homologous DNA.
ANS: A
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