McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology
The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children
9th Edition
• Author(s)Julia Rogers
TEST BANK
Question 1
Chapter 1, Section: Cellular Functions
A 45-year-old patient with a history of chronic alcoholism
presents with malnutrition. Which cellular function is most
directly impaired in this patient’s ability to utilize nutrients?
A. Metabolic absorption
B. Secretion of digestive enzymes
C. Synthesis of proteins
D. Cellular replication
Answer: A
Rationale: Metabolic absorption involves cells taking in and
using nutrients from their surroundings . In chronic alcoholism,
damage to gastrointestinal cells impairs this function, leading to
malnutrition. Option B is incorrect because secretion of
digestive enzymes is primarily a glandular function (e.g.,
pancreas). Option C is unrelated to nutrient utilization. Option D
involves cell division, not nutrient use.
Teaching Point: Metabolic absorption is essential for cellular
nutrient utilization.
,Question 2
Chapter 1, Section: Structure and Function of Cellular
Components
Which cellular component contains most of the cell’s genetic
information, including RNA and DNA?
A. Mitochondria
B. Ribosome
C. Nucleolus
D. Lysosome
Answer: C
Rationale: The nucleolus contains most of the cell’s genetic
information, including RNA, DNA, and DNA-binding proteins like
histones . Option A is incorrect because mitochondria are
involved in energy production. Option B is involved in protein
synthesis. Option D is involved in digestion.
Teaching Point: The nucleolus houses genetic material and
regulates cellular activity.
Question 3
Chapter 1, Section: Structure and Function of Cellular
Components
A patient with a genetic disorder involving peroxisome
dysfunction presents with neurological deficits. Which process
is most likely impaired?
A. Production of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)
B. Synthesis of proteins
,C. ATP production
D. Digestive enzyme activation
Answer: A
Rationale: Peroxisomes produce hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)
using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from substrates .
Option B is performed by ribosomes. Option C occurs in
mitochondria. Option D is associated with lysosomes.
Teaching Point: Peroxisomes produce H₂O₂, which is critical for
oxidative reactions.
Question 4
Chapter 1, Section: Structure and Function of Cellular
Components
Which cellular component is responsible for autodigestion
when released during cell injury?
A. Ribosome
B. Golgi complex
C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D. Lysosomes
Answer: D
Rationale: Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that, when
released due to injury, cause cellular self-digestion . Option A is
involved in protein synthesis. Option B modifies and packages
proteins. Option C synthesizes lipids.
Teaching Point: Lysosomal enzyme release leads to cellular
autodigestion.
, Question 5
Chapter 1, Section: Cellular Communication and Signal
Transduction
Which form of cell communication is used for direct physical
contact between cells?
A. Hormone secretion
B. Extracellular chemical messengers
C. Protein channels (gap junctions)
D. Plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules
Answer: C
Rationale: Gap junctions allow direct communication between
adjacent cells . Option A involves endocrine signaling. Option B
uses ligands. Option D involves receptors but not direct contact.
Teaching Point: Gap junctions enable direct intercellular
communication.
Question 6
Chapter 1, Section: Cellular Communication and Signal
Transduction
Neurotransmitters affect the postsynaptic membrane by
binding to:
A. Lipids
B. Ribosomes
C. Amphipathic lipids
The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children
9th Edition
• Author(s)Julia Rogers
TEST BANK
Question 1
Chapter 1, Section: Cellular Functions
A 45-year-old patient with a history of chronic alcoholism
presents with malnutrition. Which cellular function is most
directly impaired in this patient’s ability to utilize nutrients?
A. Metabolic absorption
B. Secretion of digestive enzymes
C. Synthesis of proteins
D. Cellular replication
Answer: A
Rationale: Metabolic absorption involves cells taking in and
using nutrients from their surroundings . In chronic alcoholism,
damage to gastrointestinal cells impairs this function, leading to
malnutrition. Option B is incorrect because secretion of
digestive enzymes is primarily a glandular function (e.g.,
pancreas). Option C is unrelated to nutrient utilization. Option D
involves cell division, not nutrient use.
Teaching Point: Metabolic absorption is essential for cellular
nutrient utilization.
,Question 2
Chapter 1, Section: Structure and Function of Cellular
Components
Which cellular component contains most of the cell’s genetic
information, including RNA and DNA?
A. Mitochondria
B. Ribosome
C. Nucleolus
D. Lysosome
Answer: C
Rationale: The nucleolus contains most of the cell’s genetic
information, including RNA, DNA, and DNA-binding proteins like
histones . Option A is incorrect because mitochondria are
involved in energy production. Option B is involved in protein
synthesis. Option D is involved in digestion.
Teaching Point: The nucleolus houses genetic material and
regulates cellular activity.
Question 3
Chapter 1, Section: Structure and Function of Cellular
Components
A patient with a genetic disorder involving peroxisome
dysfunction presents with neurological deficits. Which process
is most likely impaired?
A. Production of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)
B. Synthesis of proteins
,C. ATP production
D. Digestive enzyme activation
Answer: A
Rationale: Peroxisomes produce hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)
using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from substrates .
Option B is performed by ribosomes. Option C occurs in
mitochondria. Option D is associated with lysosomes.
Teaching Point: Peroxisomes produce H₂O₂, which is critical for
oxidative reactions.
Question 4
Chapter 1, Section: Structure and Function of Cellular
Components
Which cellular component is responsible for autodigestion
when released during cell injury?
A. Ribosome
B. Golgi complex
C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D. Lysosomes
Answer: D
Rationale: Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that, when
released due to injury, cause cellular self-digestion . Option A is
involved in protein synthesis. Option B modifies and packages
proteins. Option C synthesizes lipids.
Teaching Point: Lysosomal enzyme release leads to cellular
autodigestion.
, Question 5
Chapter 1, Section: Cellular Communication and Signal
Transduction
Which form of cell communication is used for direct physical
contact between cells?
A. Hormone secretion
B. Extracellular chemical messengers
C. Protein channels (gap junctions)
D. Plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules
Answer: C
Rationale: Gap junctions allow direct communication between
adjacent cells . Option A involves endocrine signaling. Option B
uses ligands. Option D involves receptors but not direct contact.
Teaching Point: Gap junctions enable direct intercellular
communication.
Question 6
Chapter 1, Section: Cellular Communication and Signal
Transduction
Neurotransmitters affect the postsynaptic membrane by
binding to:
A. Lipids
B. Ribosomes
C. Amphipathic lipids
