TABLE OF CONTENT
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Chapter 1. Introduction to Radiation Protection
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Chapter 2. Radiation: Types, Sources, and Doses Received
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f
,Chapter 3. Interaction of X-Radiation with Matter
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Chapter 4. Radiation Quantities and Units
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f
Chapter 5. Radiation Monitoring
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Chapter 6. Overview of Cell Biology
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Chapter 7. Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology
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Chapter 8. Early Tissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems Chapte
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r 9. Stochastic Effects and Late Tissue Reactions of Radiation in OrganSystem
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f
s
Chapter 10. Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
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f
Chapter 11. Equipment Design for Radiation Protection
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Chapter 12. Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-
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RayProcedures
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Chapter 13. Radiation Safety in Computed Tomography and Mammography
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f
Chapter 14. Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation Dose During Diag
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nostic X-Ray Procedures
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Chapter 15. Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
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Chapter 01: Introduction to Radiation Protection
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Sherer: Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, 10th Edition
s f sf sf sf s f s f s f
MULTIPLE CHOICE sf
1. Consequences of ionization in human cells include sf sf s f sf s f s f
1. creation of unstable atoms. sf sf sf
2. production of free electrons. s f sf sf
3. creation of highly reactive free molecules (called free radicals) capable of producingsubs
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tances poisonous to the cell.
s f s f sf sf
4. creation of new biologic molecules detrimental to the living cell.
sf sf sf s f s f sf sf sf sf
5. injury to the cell that may manifest itself as abnormal function or loss of function.
sf sf sf sf sf sf s f s f sf s f s f sf sf sf
6. production of low-energy x-ray photons. sf sf sf sf
a. 1, 2, 3, and 4 only
sf sf sf sf sf
b. 2, 3, 4, and 5 only
sf sf sf sf sf
c. 3, 4, 5, and 6 only
sf sf sf sf sf
d. All the options sf sf
ANS: D sf
,2. Which of the following is a form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically chargedp
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf
articles by removing orbital electrons from the atom of normal matter through which it passes?
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf
a. Ionizing radiation sf
b. Nonionizing radiation sf
c. Subatomic radiation sf
d. Ultrasonic radiation sf
ANS: A sf
3. Regarding exposure to ionizing radiation, patients who are educated to understand the medic
sf sf sf s f sf sf sf sf sf sf s f sf
albenefit of an imaging procedure are more likely to
sf s f sf sf s f sf sf sf s f
a. assume a small chance of biologic damage but not suppress any radiation phobiathey
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf
may have.
sf sf
b. cancel their scheduled procedure because they are not willing to assume a sma
sf s f sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf s f sf
llchance of biologic damage.
sf sf sf sf
c. suppress any radiation phobia but not risk a small chance of possible biologi
sf sf sf s f sf sf sf sf s f sf sf sfsf
cdamage. sf
d. suppress any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small chance of possible
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf s f sf sf s f sf sf
biologic damage. sf
ANS: D sf
4. The millisievert (mSv) is equal to
sf sf sf sf sf
a. 1/10 of a sievert. sf sf sf
b. 1/100 of a sievert. sf sf sf
c. 1/1000 of a sievert. sf sf sf
d. 1/10,000 of a sievert. sf sf sf
ANS: C sf
5. The advantages of the BERT method are
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1. BERT does not imply radiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison.
sf sf sf sf s f sf sf sf s f sf sf sf
2. BERT emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of the environment.
sf s f sf s f sf sf s f sf sf sf
3. BERT provides an answer that is easy for the patient to comprehend.
s f s f sf sf sf sf sf sf sf s f sf
a. 1 and 2 only sf sf sf
b. 1 and 3 only sf sf sf
c. 2 and 3 only sf sf sf
d. All the options sf sf
ANS: D sf
6. If a patient asks a radiographer a question about how much radiation he or she will receivefro
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf
m a specific x-ray procedure, the radiographer can
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a. respond by using an estimation based on the comparison of radiation received from
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf s f sf sf s f sf
the x-ray to natural background radiation received.
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b. avoid the patient’s question by changing the subject.
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c. tell the patient that it is unethical to discuss such concerns.
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf
d. refuse to answer the question and recommend that he or she speak with th
s f sf sf sf s f sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf
ereferring physician.
sf s f
ANS: A sf
7. Why should the selection of technical exposure factors for all medical imaging procedur
sf s f sf sf sf s f sf s f sf sf s f s f
esalways follow ALARA?
sf s f sf
a. So that referring physicians ordering imaging procedures do not have to acceptre
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf
sponsibility for patient radiation safety. s f sf s f s f
b. So that radiographers and radiologists do not have to accept responsibility for
sf sf sf sf s f sf sf sf sf sf s f
, patient radiation safety. sf sf
c. Because radiation- sf
induced cancer does not appear to have a fixed threshold, that is,a dose level bel
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf s f s f sf sf sf sf sf
ow which a person would have no chance of developing this disease.
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf
d. Because radiation- sf
induced cancer does have a dose level at which individualswould have a ch
sf sf sf sf s f sf sf s f sf s f sf s f sf sf
ance of developing this disease. s f sf s f s f
ANS: C sf
8. The cardinal principles of radiation protection include which of the following?
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf
a. Time
b. Distance
c. Shielding
d. All the options sf sf
ANS: D sf
9. In a hospital setting, which of the following professionals is expressly charged by the hospit
sf sf s f sf s f sf s f sf sf sf s f s f sf sf
aladministration with being directly responsible for the execution, enforcement, and mainten
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf
ance of the ALARA program?
sf sf sf sf
a. Assistant administrator of the facility sf s f sf sf
b. Chief of staff sf sf
c. Radiation Safety Officer sf sf
d. Student radiologic technologist sf sf
ANS: C sf
10. Why is a question concerning the amount of radiation a patient will receive during a specific
sf sf sf sf sf sf s f sf sf sf s f s f s f sf sf sf
x-ray procedure difficult to answer?
sf sf sf sf
1. Because the received dose is specified in a number of different units of measure.
sf sf s f sf sf sf sf sf s f sf s f s f sf
2. Because the scientific units for radiation dose are normally not comprehensible by a patient
sf sf sf s f sf s f sf sf s f sf s f sf sf
.
3. Because the patient should not receive any information about radiation dose.
sf sf sf s f sf s f sf s f sf s f
a. 1 and 2 only sf sf sf
b. 1 and 3 only sf sf sf
c. 2 and 3 only sf sf sf
d. All the options sf sf
ANS: A sf
11. X-rays are a form of which of the following kinds of radiation?
sf sf sf sf sf s f sf sf sf sf sf
a. Environmental
b. Ionizing
c. Internal
d. Nonionizing
ANS: B sf
12. What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric International System of Units?
sf sf sf sf sf sf s f sf sf sf s f s f sf sf
a. Coulomb per kilogram sf sf
b. Milligray
c. Millisievert
d. Sievert
ANS: A sf
13. What organization was founded in 2007 that continues their pursuit to raise awareness of the
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf
need for dose reduction protocols by promoting pediatric-
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf
specified scan protocols to be usedfor both radiology and non-radiology users of CT?
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf s f sf s f sf sf
sf sf
Chapter 1. Introduction to Radiation Protection
sf sf sf sf sf
Chapter 2. Radiation: Types, Sources, and Doses Received
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf s
f
,Chapter 3. Interaction of X-Radiation with Matter
sf sf sf sf sf sf
Chapter 4. Radiation Quantities and Units
sf sf sf sf sf s
f
Chapter 5. Radiation Monitoring
sf sf sf
Chapter 6. Overview of Cell Biology
sf sf sf sf sf
Chapter 7. Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology
sf sf sf sf sf sf
Chapter 8. Early Tissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems Chapte
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf
r 9. Stochastic Effects and Late Tissue Reactions of Radiation in OrganSystem
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf s
f
s
Chapter 10. Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf s
f
Chapter 11. Equipment Design for Radiation Protection
sf sf sf sf sf sf
Chapter 12. Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf
RayProcedures
s
f
Chapter 13. Radiation Safety in Computed Tomography and Mammography
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf s
f
Chapter 14. Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation Dose During Diag
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf
nostic X-Ray Procedures
sf sf
Chapter 15. Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
sf sf sf sf sf
Chapter 01: Introduction to Radiation Protection
s f sf s f sf s f
Sherer: Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, 10th Edition
s f sf sf sf s f s f s f
MULTIPLE CHOICE sf
1. Consequences of ionization in human cells include sf sf s f sf s f s f
1. creation of unstable atoms. sf sf sf
2. production of free electrons. s f sf sf
3. creation of highly reactive free molecules (called free radicals) capable of producingsubs
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf
tances poisonous to the cell.
s f s f sf sf
4. creation of new biologic molecules detrimental to the living cell.
sf sf sf s f s f sf sf sf sf
5. injury to the cell that may manifest itself as abnormal function or loss of function.
sf sf sf sf sf sf s f s f sf s f s f sf sf sf
6. production of low-energy x-ray photons. sf sf sf sf
a. 1, 2, 3, and 4 only
sf sf sf sf sf
b. 2, 3, 4, and 5 only
sf sf sf sf sf
c. 3, 4, 5, and 6 only
sf sf sf sf sf
d. All the options sf sf
ANS: D sf
,2. Which of the following is a form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically chargedp
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf
articles by removing orbital electrons from the atom of normal matter through which it passes?
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf
a. Ionizing radiation sf
b. Nonionizing radiation sf
c. Subatomic radiation sf
d. Ultrasonic radiation sf
ANS: A sf
3. Regarding exposure to ionizing radiation, patients who are educated to understand the medic
sf sf sf s f sf sf sf sf sf sf s f sf
albenefit of an imaging procedure are more likely to
sf s f sf sf s f sf sf sf s f
a. assume a small chance of biologic damage but not suppress any radiation phobiathey
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf
may have.
sf sf
b. cancel their scheduled procedure because they are not willing to assume a sma
sf s f sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf s f sf
llchance of biologic damage.
sf sf sf sf
c. suppress any radiation phobia but not risk a small chance of possible biologi
sf sf sf s f sf sf sf sf s f sf sf sfsf
cdamage. sf
d. suppress any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small chance of possible
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf s f sf sf s f sf sf
biologic damage. sf
ANS: D sf
4. The millisievert (mSv) is equal to
sf sf sf sf sf
a. 1/10 of a sievert. sf sf sf
b. 1/100 of a sievert. sf sf sf
c. 1/1000 of a sievert. sf sf sf
d. 1/10,000 of a sievert. sf sf sf
ANS: C sf
5. The advantages of the BERT method are
sf sf sf sf sf sf
1. BERT does not imply radiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison.
sf sf sf sf s f sf sf sf s f sf sf sf
2. BERT emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of the environment.
sf s f sf s f sf sf s f sf sf sf
3. BERT provides an answer that is easy for the patient to comprehend.
s f s f sf sf sf sf sf sf sf s f sf
a. 1 and 2 only sf sf sf
b. 1 and 3 only sf sf sf
c. 2 and 3 only sf sf sf
d. All the options sf sf
ANS: D sf
6. If a patient asks a radiographer a question about how much radiation he or she will receivefro
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf
m a specific x-ray procedure, the radiographer can
sf sf sf sf sf sf s f
a. respond by using an estimation based on the comparison of radiation received from
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf s f sf sf s f sf
the x-ray to natural background radiation received.
sf sf sf s f s f s f
b. avoid the patient’s question by changing the subject.
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf
c. tell the patient that it is unethical to discuss such concerns.
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf
d. refuse to answer the question and recommend that he or she speak with th
s f sf sf sf s f sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf
ereferring physician.
sf s f
ANS: A sf
7. Why should the selection of technical exposure factors for all medical imaging procedur
sf s f sf sf sf s f sf s f sf sf s f s f
esalways follow ALARA?
sf s f sf
a. So that referring physicians ordering imaging procedures do not have to acceptre
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf
sponsibility for patient radiation safety. s f sf s f s f
b. So that radiographers and radiologists do not have to accept responsibility for
sf sf sf sf s f sf sf sf sf sf s f
, patient radiation safety. sf sf
c. Because radiation- sf
induced cancer does not appear to have a fixed threshold, that is,a dose level bel
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf s f s f sf sf sf sf sf
ow which a person would have no chance of developing this disease.
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf
d. Because radiation- sf
induced cancer does have a dose level at which individualswould have a ch
sf sf sf sf s f sf sf s f sf s f sf s f sf sf
ance of developing this disease. s f sf s f s f
ANS: C sf
8. The cardinal principles of radiation protection include which of the following?
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf
a. Time
b. Distance
c. Shielding
d. All the options sf sf
ANS: D sf
9. In a hospital setting, which of the following professionals is expressly charged by the hospit
sf sf s f sf s f sf s f sf sf sf s f s f sf sf
aladministration with being directly responsible for the execution, enforcement, and mainten
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf
ance of the ALARA program?
sf sf sf sf
a. Assistant administrator of the facility sf s f sf sf
b. Chief of staff sf sf
c. Radiation Safety Officer sf sf
d. Student radiologic technologist sf sf
ANS: C sf
10. Why is a question concerning the amount of radiation a patient will receive during a specific
sf sf sf sf sf sf s f sf sf sf s f s f s f sf sf sf
x-ray procedure difficult to answer?
sf sf sf sf
1. Because the received dose is specified in a number of different units of measure.
sf sf s f sf sf sf sf sf s f sf s f s f sf
2. Because the scientific units for radiation dose are normally not comprehensible by a patient
sf sf sf s f sf s f sf sf s f sf s f sf sf
.
3. Because the patient should not receive any information about radiation dose.
sf sf sf s f sf s f sf s f sf s f
a. 1 and 2 only sf sf sf
b. 1 and 3 only sf sf sf
c. 2 and 3 only sf sf sf
d. All the options sf sf
ANS: A sf
11. X-rays are a form of which of the following kinds of radiation?
sf sf sf sf sf s f sf sf sf sf sf
a. Environmental
b. Ionizing
c. Internal
d. Nonionizing
ANS: B sf
12. What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric International System of Units?
sf sf sf sf sf sf s f sf sf sf s f s f sf sf
a. Coulomb per kilogram sf sf
b. Milligray
c. Millisievert
d. Sievert
ANS: A sf
13. What organization was founded in 2007 that continues their pursuit to raise awareness of the
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf
need for dose reduction protocols by promoting pediatric-
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf
specified scan protocols to be usedfor both radiology and non-radiology users of CT?
sf sf sf sf sf sf sf sf s f sf s f sf sf
