(2025/2026) AORN PERIOP 101 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS - VERIFIED ANSWERS|
ALREADY GRADED A+ NEW, GUARANTEED PASS.
Circulator RN duties during Induction of anesthesia and assisting anesthesia professional with
Cricoid Pressure
✓ Cricoid pressure application is not released until the
1. Endotracheal (ET) tube cuff is inflated
2. Tube placement is confirmed
3. The anesthesia provider has given verbal
confirmation to the nurse that the cricoid pressure can
be released.
✓ If intubation or ventilation of the patient becomes difficult, the perioperative nurse should
retrieve additional airway equipment and supplies.
The professional nurse utilizes the following elements of the nursing process:
✓ Assessment
✓ Nursing Diagnosis
✓ Outcome Identification
✓ Planning
✓ Implementation
✓ Evaluation
Members of the perioperative team include the:
• RN circulator • Scrub RN or Surgical technologist • Registered nurse first assistant • Advanced
practice
registered nurse • Surgeon
State Boards of Nursing
• Establish standards • Issue licenses • Monitor licensees • Discipline licensees
Indemnity Payment
Payment made on behalf of the policy holder
Liability
A legal responsibility
Negligence
An act or failure to act that deviates from the standard of care
Nursing Malpractice
A nurse's negligence or any intentional act that causes physical, financial, emotional, psychosocial,
and/or cognitive damage to the person in the nurse's care
1
,Respondeat Superior
An employer is legally responsible for the nurse employee only when:
The nurse acts within the scope of practice
Any allegations brought against the nurse occurred during the nurse's
employment The nurse's actions were within the employer's best interests.
Standard of Care
Action of a reasonable and prudent professional in the same or similar circumstances
Tort
A breach of duty to another person as outlined by law (Breach of duty: act of breaking or failing)
Four elements of malpractice
1. Duty
2. Breach of duty
3. The breach of duty caused an injury
4. The injury was harmful to the patient
Elements of Informed Consent
• Must be obtained by the licensed professional who is performing the procedure • The patient
must give consent voluntarily with the full understanding of all implications • Must include -
Diagnosis -Proposed treatment - Treatment alternatives -Consequences of accepting or
declining the proposed treatment
Five Rights of Delegation
1. Right task
2. Right circumstance
3. Right person
4. Right communication and direction
5. Right supervision and evaluation
Healthcare providers and personnel have an ethical and legal responsibility to always
maintain the patient's privacy and confidentiality (4):
• Medical information • Physical exposure • Personal privacy • Electronic privacy
Financial terms
2
,Revenue • Cash inflow, typically from providing patient services Expenses • Costs related to cash
inflow such as patient care equipment and personnel salaries Direct Expenses • Costs related to
the service provided such as the supplies needed to deliver care and salaries of those providing
direct patient care Indirect Expenses • Costs not related directly to patient care such as
heating/cooling the building and salaries of those not providing direct patient care Non-
Productive Time • Employee payment when not in direct patient care such as vacation time and
orientation Assets • What is owned by the organization Budget • Business elements that are
quantified in financial terms
Eight factors to consider before determining what anesthetic to use for a particular patient
1. Patient's age 2. Length & type of surgery 3. Patient & surgeon preferences 4. Patient's co-
existing diseases 5. Patient's mental & psychological status 6. Patient's previous experiences with
anesthesia 7. Plans & protocols for postoperative pain management 8. Position of the patient
during surgery
The American Society of Anesthesiologist's NPO Guidelines
• Clear liquids - stop 2 hours before surgery • Breast milk - stop 4 hours before surgery • Infant
formula - stop 6 hours before surgery • Light meal (toast & a clear liquid) - stop 6 hours before
surgery • Fried foods, fatty foods, meat - stop 8 hours before surgery
General anesthesia
• A drug-induced reversible state of unconsciousness • Results in amnesia, analgesia, and loss of
responsiveness, decreased stress response, and loss of skeletal muscle reflexes to a varying
degree General: Patients that are completely asleep and have an endotracheal tube down the
throat-a patient loses their protective airway reflexes.
Regional anesthesia
• An injection of local anesthetics near nerve fibers that causes reversible loss of sensation over an
area of the body
Examples: Spinal, Epidural, and Peripheral nerve blocks.
Monitored anesthesia care (MAC)
An anesthesia provider monitors the patient, administers sedatives and other agents as needed,
and provides medical services as required.
MAC anesthesia (Monitored Anesthesia Care) refers to patients that are not completely asleep
(various levels of sedation) and were not intubated.
Medications used during MAC include: Midazolam (Versed) Fentanyl Propofol (Diprivan)
Moderate sedation
3
, • The administration of sedative, analgesic, and/or anxiolytic agents by a physician or by a
nurse under physician supervision • Depending on state laws and hospital policies, an RN may
administer moderate sedation.
Local anesthesia
• The infiltration or topical administration of agents to anesthetize a part of the body • The
perioperative nurse provides patient monitoring and supportive care.
Phases of general anesthesia
• Phase I: Induction o IV medications and inhalational agents are administered by the anesthesia
provider.
• Phase II: Maintenance Medications and inhalational agents are administered to keep the
patient anesthetized. • Phase III: Emergence -At the end of the procedure, the anesthetic agents
are discontinued or reversed to allow the patient to wake up.
Emergence from Anesthesia
End of Procedure -Inhalation & IV anesthetics are stopped ET/Laryngeal mask airway removal -
Removed when. pt is conscious and can make their airway Reversal agents
Anesthesia Reversal agents Muscle relaxants:
1. Neostigmine
2. Edrophonium
Note: There is no reversal agent for succinylcholine
Anesthesia Reversal agents: Rocuronium, vecuronium, and pancuronium (Muscle relaxants)
Sugammadex (Bridion)
Anesthesia Reversal agents: Benzodiazepines: Midazolam
Flumazenil
Anesthesia Reversal agents: Narcotics: Fentanyl:
Naloxone
Patients at Increased Risk for Hypothermia (4) Hint: What population?
• Older adults
• Infants and children
• Women • Patients with lower-than-normal body weight
Medical Conditions Associated with Increased Risk for Hypothermia (7) Body Temp lower than
95 Hint: Disease/medically related
4
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS - VERIFIED ANSWERS|
ALREADY GRADED A+ NEW, GUARANTEED PASS.
Circulator RN duties during Induction of anesthesia and assisting anesthesia professional with
Cricoid Pressure
✓ Cricoid pressure application is not released until the
1. Endotracheal (ET) tube cuff is inflated
2. Tube placement is confirmed
3. The anesthesia provider has given verbal
confirmation to the nurse that the cricoid pressure can
be released.
✓ If intubation or ventilation of the patient becomes difficult, the perioperative nurse should
retrieve additional airway equipment and supplies.
The professional nurse utilizes the following elements of the nursing process:
✓ Assessment
✓ Nursing Diagnosis
✓ Outcome Identification
✓ Planning
✓ Implementation
✓ Evaluation
Members of the perioperative team include the:
• RN circulator • Scrub RN or Surgical technologist • Registered nurse first assistant • Advanced
practice
registered nurse • Surgeon
State Boards of Nursing
• Establish standards • Issue licenses • Monitor licensees • Discipline licensees
Indemnity Payment
Payment made on behalf of the policy holder
Liability
A legal responsibility
Negligence
An act or failure to act that deviates from the standard of care
Nursing Malpractice
A nurse's negligence or any intentional act that causes physical, financial, emotional, psychosocial,
and/or cognitive damage to the person in the nurse's care
1
,Respondeat Superior
An employer is legally responsible for the nurse employee only when:
The nurse acts within the scope of practice
Any allegations brought against the nurse occurred during the nurse's
employment The nurse's actions were within the employer's best interests.
Standard of Care
Action of a reasonable and prudent professional in the same or similar circumstances
Tort
A breach of duty to another person as outlined by law (Breach of duty: act of breaking or failing)
Four elements of malpractice
1. Duty
2. Breach of duty
3. The breach of duty caused an injury
4. The injury was harmful to the patient
Elements of Informed Consent
• Must be obtained by the licensed professional who is performing the procedure • The patient
must give consent voluntarily with the full understanding of all implications • Must include -
Diagnosis -Proposed treatment - Treatment alternatives -Consequences of accepting or
declining the proposed treatment
Five Rights of Delegation
1. Right task
2. Right circumstance
3. Right person
4. Right communication and direction
5. Right supervision and evaluation
Healthcare providers and personnel have an ethical and legal responsibility to always
maintain the patient's privacy and confidentiality (4):
• Medical information • Physical exposure • Personal privacy • Electronic privacy
Financial terms
2
,Revenue • Cash inflow, typically from providing patient services Expenses • Costs related to cash
inflow such as patient care equipment and personnel salaries Direct Expenses • Costs related to
the service provided such as the supplies needed to deliver care and salaries of those providing
direct patient care Indirect Expenses • Costs not related directly to patient care such as
heating/cooling the building and salaries of those not providing direct patient care Non-
Productive Time • Employee payment when not in direct patient care such as vacation time and
orientation Assets • What is owned by the organization Budget • Business elements that are
quantified in financial terms
Eight factors to consider before determining what anesthetic to use for a particular patient
1. Patient's age 2. Length & type of surgery 3. Patient & surgeon preferences 4. Patient's co-
existing diseases 5. Patient's mental & psychological status 6. Patient's previous experiences with
anesthesia 7. Plans & protocols for postoperative pain management 8. Position of the patient
during surgery
The American Society of Anesthesiologist's NPO Guidelines
• Clear liquids - stop 2 hours before surgery • Breast milk - stop 4 hours before surgery • Infant
formula - stop 6 hours before surgery • Light meal (toast & a clear liquid) - stop 6 hours before
surgery • Fried foods, fatty foods, meat - stop 8 hours before surgery
General anesthesia
• A drug-induced reversible state of unconsciousness • Results in amnesia, analgesia, and loss of
responsiveness, decreased stress response, and loss of skeletal muscle reflexes to a varying
degree General: Patients that are completely asleep and have an endotracheal tube down the
throat-a patient loses their protective airway reflexes.
Regional anesthesia
• An injection of local anesthetics near nerve fibers that causes reversible loss of sensation over an
area of the body
Examples: Spinal, Epidural, and Peripheral nerve blocks.
Monitored anesthesia care (MAC)
An anesthesia provider monitors the patient, administers sedatives and other agents as needed,
and provides medical services as required.
MAC anesthesia (Monitored Anesthesia Care) refers to patients that are not completely asleep
(various levels of sedation) and were not intubated.
Medications used during MAC include: Midazolam (Versed) Fentanyl Propofol (Diprivan)
Moderate sedation
3
, • The administration of sedative, analgesic, and/or anxiolytic agents by a physician or by a
nurse under physician supervision • Depending on state laws and hospital policies, an RN may
administer moderate sedation.
Local anesthesia
• The infiltration or topical administration of agents to anesthetize a part of the body • The
perioperative nurse provides patient monitoring and supportive care.
Phases of general anesthesia
• Phase I: Induction o IV medications and inhalational agents are administered by the anesthesia
provider.
• Phase II: Maintenance Medications and inhalational agents are administered to keep the
patient anesthetized. • Phase III: Emergence -At the end of the procedure, the anesthetic agents
are discontinued or reversed to allow the patient to wake up.
Emergence from Anesthesia
End of Procedure -Inhalation & IV anesthetics are stopped ET/Laryngeal mask airway removal -
Removed when. pt is conscious and can make their airway Reversal agents
Anesthesia Reversal agents Muscle relaxants:
1. Neostigmine
2. Edrophonium
Note: There is no reversal agent for succinylcholine
Anesthesia Reversal agents: Rocuronium, vecuronium, and pancuronium (Muscle relaxants)
Sugammadex (Bridion)
Anesthesia Reversal agents: Benzodiazepines: Midazolam
Flumazenil
Anesthesia Reversal agents: Narcotics: Fentanyl:
Naloxone
Patients at Increased Risk for Hypothermia (4) Hint: What population?
• Older adults
• Infants and children
• Women • Patients with lower-than-normal body weight
Medical Conditions Associated with Increased Risk for Hypothermia (7) Body Temp lower than
95 Hint: Disease/medically related
4
