|Accredited Version| Criminology Mid term Review Question and Answers [100% Correct] 2025

|Accredited Version| Criminology Mid term Review Question and Answers [100% Correct] 2025 The Federal Bureau of Investigation runs the Uniform Crime Reporting Program. True UCR/NIBRS data reporting is available from the FBI on the internet, but there is no longer a paper version produced. False The clearance rate is a measurement that compares the number of crimes reported or discovered with the number of crimes that have been solved through arrest or other means, such as the death of the suspect. True According to biological theorists, criminals are often viewed as being physically different from non criminals. True Lombroso, often referred to as the "father of biological theories," claimed that criminals could be identified by certain physical traits. True What term did Lombroso use to describe the criminal type, based on his belief that certain physical features are indicative of criminal behavior? Atavist Endomorphic individuals are typically sociable and relaxed, characteristics associated with a body type that is round and soft. 1 Correct Answer Ectomorphic individuals tend to be introverted and restrained, with a slim body type. Correct Answer Mesomorphic individuals are typically aggressive and adventurous, often associated with a muscular body type. Correct Answer The twin studies have shown that nature, rather than nurture, is the primary factor in determining criminal behavior. False Which of the following biological factors have been shown to correlate with criminal or delinquent behavior? Choose all that apply. Vitamin deficiencies Diets that are high in sugar and carbohydrates Hypoglycemia Abnormalities in the limbic system Hormonal deficiencies If the criminal justice system followed biological explanations of criminal behavior, which treatment methods might be implemented to address offenders? Individualized treatment plans, potentially including special diets and prescribed medications. Psychological theories emphasize the impact of individual and family factors on criminal behavior. True Psychologists often consider crime as another form of antisocial behavior, suggesting it is a deviation from societal norms. 2 True Which of the following are family-related risk factors that might influence the likelihood of criminal behavior? All of the above Research indicates that children who are separated from a biological parent are more likely to engage in criminal behavior than those who remain in an intact family. True Which of the following are key components of psychological theories of crime? Humanistic psychological theory Intelligence and its relationship with crime Psychoanalytic theories Psychoanalysis It is widely accepted that criminal behavior is often linked to low intelligence. False Which of the following statements highlight the issues with psychoanalytic theories? Correct Answer (Explanation to be provided based on content) Psychological criminology posits that criminal behavior is a conscious choice made by the offender, reflecting their personal decisions. False Theories need to be clearly defined and detailed, enabling them to lead to empirical predictions that can be tested through research. True 3 4 Most sociological theories of crime causation suggest that criminal behavior is a result of an individual’s social environment and reject the notion that criminals are born rather than made. True Durkheim argued that crime is a necessary part of society and serves a functional role by marking the boundaries of morality, advocating for the containment of crime within manageable limits. True In the 1920s, sociologists from the New York School tried to understand how a neighborhood's crime rate was influenced by its social and economic characteristics. False What is the term used to describe a societal condition where usual controls over delinquents are absent, delinquent behavior is often accepted, and there are ample opportunities for crime with limited access to legitimate employment? Social Disorganization Conformity is the act of following societal norms and playing by the established rules of the system. Correct Answer Innovation involves pursuing wealth and success by using illegitimate means rather than adhering to the conventional pathways to success. Correct Answer Ritualism refers to the act of strictly following the rules and regulations without actively seeking the original societal goal of wealth. Correct Answer Rebellion occurs when individuals reject the established goal of wealth and also refuse the accepted methods of achieving it, creating their own set of values. 5 Correct Answer Retreatism is the withdrawal from societal goals and means, often associated with individuals who "drop out" of the pursuit of success entirely. Correct Answer Gangs are often a response by juveniles who cannot achieve status through socially accepted means, and they form their own value system, finding others who share similar beliefs. True Which statement is NOT true about Learning Theories in the context of criminal behavior? Returning offenders to their home communities is an effective reintegration tool. In social control theory, a significant question is why most people do not commit crimes, despite opportunities to do so. True Which societal bonds are most influential in preventing juveniles from engaging in criminal behavior? Choose all that apply. Attachment to others Commitment to conventional lines of action Involvement in conventional activities Belief in moral laws and order Once an individual has committed their first criminal act, they are often labeled negatively, which may affect their future behavior. True Which of the following are methods that can be used to prevent or reduce the negative effects of labeling? 6 Decriminalization Diversion Deinstitutionalization Conflict Theory examines the ongoing societal conflicts between different groups, such as the rich and poor, management and labor, and various racial groups. True In some communities, individuals actively seek the label of "criminal" or similar terms, using it to form an identity or to challenge authority. True Theory, Overconfidence, Hypothesis, and Hindsight Bias are concepts associated with cognitive biases that affect judgment and decision-making. Correct Answer Which of the following are considered types of research in criminological studies? Descriptive Correlational Experimental Studying the relationship between ice cream consumption and crime rates would be an example of what type of research? Correlational research Going undercover to study gang behavior would be classified as which type of research method? Descriptive Research Writing a crime novel about a fictional criminal character is not considered descriptive research. False An unknown figure representing unreported and underreported crimes is referred to as a f igure of crime dark The National Crime Victimization Survey interviewer collects individual and household victimization data from anyone who is 12 years old and older twice a year at random The National Crime Victimization Survey gathers data related to major crimes through surveys sending out Which source of crime data expanded the categories of crimes and demographics collected and increased the ease and accessibility of information-sharing between federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies? National Incident Based Reporting Which self-report survey collects confessions and admissions of criminal behavior from anonymous participants, who face no fear of disclosure or arrest, in order to develop a picture of criminal offending through the perspective of the offender? National Crime Victimization Survey The Uniform Crime Reporting Program distinguishes between Part I and Part II offenses. False A disproportionate number of crimes are committed by ________ offenders upon a disproportionate number of ________ victims. Studying the relationship between requiring of criminal history checks of gun buyers and crime patterns is a example of experimental research. True Which of the following should be addressed in reporting about crime research? Select all that apply. Correlation research can be used to predict future phenomena. True 7 Experiments determine cause and effect. True The criminologist provides knowledge and research to law enforcement officers/practitioners. True What are the scientific principles of research? Theory Creation Social science methods of inquiry Experimental design Data gathering and evaluation Data Gathering Rather than enforcing the law, criminologists study the processes and measures adopted by society to respond to law violations. True What is victimology? victim Criminal Ecology Criminal Demographics Criminal epidemiology Is the study of the role of the victim crime and the impact of crime on the The Study of Crime in relation to spatial distribution on a community The study of the relationships between criminology and the population The study of the relationship between environment and criminality Criminal Physical Anthropology Criminal Sociology The study of the relation between physical make up of humans The study of the effections of social conditions on crime and criminals Criminal Psychiatry The study of the human mind in relation to criminality. 8 Why is a crime in one country or state may not be a crime in another country or state? Crime data is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of crime control and prevention. Economics Political Science Sociology The cost of crime on society The process of changing what is defined as crime The impact of family on law abiding behavior Biology and Chemistry Psychology If the amount of sugar in the blood causes violent behavior The relationship between intelligence and criminal behavior True True A criminologist could aid in an investigation of a mass shooting would be to help determine if the shooting was a terrorists act or a random act of violence. True True The criminologist could evaluate the impact of rehabilation and treatment methods used in correctional facilities. The criminologist could evaluate the impact of decriminalization of marijuana on crime rates. True The easiest way to differentiate between the classical and positive schools of criminology is the role of an individual's free will or decision to commit a criminal action vs. the premise that criminal behavior is a result of factors beyond to control of the offender. True 9