McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology
The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children
9th Edition
• Author(s)Julia Rogers
TEST BANK
McCance & Huether — Pathophysiology, 9th Ed. — Chapter 1:
Cellular Biology.
1.
Chapter Reference: Chapter 1 — Cellular Biology
Section: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Title: Cell structure differences
Stem: A patient’s lab isolate is a bacterium that lacks
membrane-bound organelles but has a cell wall and 70S
ribosomes. Which feature best distinguishes this organism as
prokaryotic rather than eukaryotic?
A. Presence of a cell membrane
B. Absence of a true nucleus
,C. Use of RNA for protein synthesis
D. Presence of a cell wall
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• Correct (B): Prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus
(their DNA is not enclosed in a nuclear membrane), which
is the defining cellular distinction from eukaryotes. This
structural absence underlies different
transcription/translation coupling.
• A: Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have cell membranes;
this does not distinguish them.
• C: Both cell types use RNA for protein synthesis; that is not
distinguishing.
• D: Many prokaryotes and some eukaryotes (plants, fungi)
have cell walls; presence of a wall alone is not definitive.
Teaching Point: The defining prokaryote feature is absence of a
membrane-bound nucleus.
Stem Rules: Clear, concise, evidence-based; scenario-based; 1–3
sentences.
2.
Chapter Reference: Chapter 1 — Cellular Biology
Section: Cellular Functions
Title: Metabolic absorption
,Stem: Which cellular function describes a hepatocyte taking up
glucose and storing it as glycogen in response to insulin?
A. Secretion
B. Contractility
C. Metabolic absorption
D. Reproduction
Correct Answer: C
Rationales:
• Correct (C): Metabolic absorption is the cell’s uptake and
utilization of nutrients and molecules—e.g., hepatocytes
absorbing glucose and converting it to glycogen.
• A: Secretion is release of substances, not uptake and
storage.
• B: Contractility applies to muscle cells, not hepatocyte
metabolic storage.
• D: Reproduction refers to cell division; glucose uptake and
glycogen synthesis are metabolic activities.
Teaching Point: Metabolic absorption = uptake and intracellular
use of nutrients.
Stem Rules: Clear, concise; avoid negatives; 1–3 sentences.
3.
, Chapter Reference: Chapter 1 — Cellular Biology
Section: Structure and Function of Cellular Components
Title: Mitochondrial dysfunction
Stem: A patient with muscle weakness has a mitochondrial DNA
mutation that impairs oxidative phosphorylation. Which
immediate cellular consequence is most likely?
A. Elevated ATP production via the electron transport chain
B. Increased reliance on anaerobic glycolysis and lactate
production
C. Enhanced beta-oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria
D. Increased protein synthesis in the rough ER
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• Correct (B): Impaired oxidative phosphorylation reduces
ATP from mitochondria, forcing cells to increase anaerobic
glycolysis, producing lactate.
• A: Oxidative phosphorylation is impaired, so ATP
production from the ETC will decrease, not increase.
• C: Beta-oxidation occurs in mitochondria and will be
impaired rather than enhanced when mitochondria are
dysfunctional.
• D: Rough ER protein synthesis is not a compensatory
source of ATP and is unrelated to the primary metabolic
shift.
The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children
9th Edition
• Author(s)Julia Rogers
TEST BANK
McCance & Huether — Pathophysiology, 9th Ed. — Chapter 1:
Cellular Biology.
1.
Chapter Reference: Chapter 1 — Cellular Biology
Section: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Title: Cell structure differences
Stem: A patient’s lab isolate is a bacterium that lacks
membrane-bound organelles but has a cell wall and 70S
ribosomes. Which feature best distinguishes this organism as
prokaryotic rather than eukaryotic?
A. Presence of a cell membrane
B. Absence of a true nucleus
,C. Use of RNA for protein synthesis
D. Presence of a cell wall
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• Correct (B): Prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus
(their DNA is not enclosed in a nuclear membrane), which
is the defining cellular distinction from eukaryotes. This
structural absence underlies different
transcription/translation coupling.
• A: Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have cell membranes;
this does not distinguish them.
• C: Both cell types use RNA for protein synthesis; that is not
distinguishing.
• D: Many prokaryotes and some eukaryotes (plants, fungi)
have cell walls; presence of a wall alone is not definitive.
Teaching Point: The defining prokaryote feature is absence of a
membrane-bound nucleus.
Stem Rules: Clear, concise, evidence-based; scenario-based; 1–3
sentences.
2.
Chapter Reference: Chapter 1 — Cellular Biology
Section: Cellular Functions
Title: Metabolic absorption
,Stem: Which cellular function describes a hepatocyte taking up
glucose and storing it as glycogen in response to insulin?
A. Secretion
B. Contractility
C. Metabolic absorption
D. Reproduction
Correct Answer: C
Rationales:
• Correct (C): Metabolic absorption is the cell’s uptake and
utilization of nutrients and molecules—e.g., hepatocytes
absorbing glucose and converting it to glycogen.
• A: Secretion is release of substances, not uptake and
storage.
• B: Contractility applies to muscle cells, not hepatocyte
metabolic storage.
• D: Reproduction refers to cell division; glucose uptake and
glycogen synthesis are metabolic activities.
Teaching Point: Metabolic absorption = uptake and intracellular
use of nutrients.
Stem Rules: Clear, concise; avoid negatives; 1–3 sentences.
3.
, Chapter Reference: Chapter 1 — Cellular Biology
Section: Structure and Function of Cellular Components
Title: Mitochondrial dysfunction
Stem: A patient with muscle weakness has a mitochondrial DNA
mutation that impairs oxidative phosphorylation. Which
immediate cellular consequence is most likely?
A. Elevated ATP production via the electron transport chain
B. Increased reliance on anaerobic glycolysis and lactate
production
C. Enhanced beta-oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria
D. Increased protein synthesis in the rough ER
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• Correct (B): Impaired oxidative phosphorylation reduces
ATP from mitochondria, forcing cells to increase anaerobic
glycolysis, producing lactate.
• A: Oxidative phosphorylation is impaired, so ATP
production from the ETC will decrease, not increase.
• C: Beta-oxidation occurs in mitochondria and will be
impaired rather than enhanced when mitochondria are
dysfunctional.
• D: Rough ER protein synthesis is not a compensatory
source of ATP and is unrelated to the primary metabolic
shift.
