TABLE OF CONTENT
xx xx
Chapter 1. Introduction to Radiation Protection
xx xx xx xx xx
Chapter 2. Radiation: Types, Sources, and Doses Receive
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
,dChapter 3. Interaction of X-Radiation with Matter
x xx xx xx xx xx xx
Chapter 4. Radiation Quantities and Unit
xx xx xx xx xx
sChapter 5. Radiation Monitoring
x xx xx xx
Chapter 6. Overview of Cell Biology
xx xx xx xx xx
Chapter 7. Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology
xx xx xx xx xx xx
Chapter 8. Early Tissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems Chap
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ter 9. Stochastic Effects and Late Tissue Reactions of Radiation in OrganSys
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx x
tems
Chapter 10. Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiatio
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
nChapter 11. Equipment Design for Radiation Protection
x xx xx xx xx xx xx
Chapter 12. Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
RayProcedures
x
Chapter 13. Radiation Safety in Computed Tomography and Mammograph
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
yChapter 14. Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation Dose During Di
x xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
agnostic X-Ray Proceduresxx xx
Chapter 15. Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
xx xx xx xx xx
Chapter 01: Introduction to Radiation Protection
x x xx x x xx x x
Sherer: Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, 10th Edition
x x xx xx xx x x x x x x
MULTIPLE CHOICE xx
1. Consequences of ionization in human cells include xx xx x x xx x x x x
1. creation of unstable atoms. xx xx xx
2. production of free electrons. x x xx xx
3. creation of highly reactive free molecules (called free radicals) capable of producingsu
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx x
bstances poisonous to the cell. x x x x xx xx
4. creation of new biologic molecules detrimental to the living cell.
xx xx xx x x x x xx xx xx xx
5. injury to the cell that may manifest itself as abnormal function or loss of function.
xx xx xx xx xx xx x x x x xx x x x x xx xx xx
6. production of low-energy x-ray photons. xx xx xx xx
a. 1, 2, 3, and 4 onlyxx xx xx xx xx
b. 2, 3, 4, and 5 onlyxx xx xx xx xx
c. 3, 4, 5, and 6 onlyxx xx xx xx xx
d. All the options xx xx
ANS: D xx
,2. Which of the following is a form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically charg
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
edparticles by removing orbital electrons from the atom of normal matter through which it p
x xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
asses?
a. Ionizing radiation xx
b. Nonionizing radiation xx
c. Subatomic radiation xx
d. Ultrasonic radiation xx
ANS: A xx
3. Regarding exposure to ionizing radiation, patients who are educated to understand the med
xx xx xx x x xx xx xx xx xx xx x x xx
icalbenefit of an imaging procedure are more likely to
x x x xx xx x x xx xx xx x x
a. assume a small chance of biologic damage but not suppress any radiation phobiat
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx x
hey may have. xx xx
b. cancel their scheduled procedure because they are not willing to assume a s
xx x x xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx x x xx
mallchance of biologic damage.
x xx xx xx
c. suppress any radiation phobia but not risk a small chance of possible biol
xx xx xx x x xx xx xx xx x x xx xx xxxx
ogicdamage. x
d. suppress any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small chance of possi
xx xx xx x x xx xx xx xx x x xx xx x x xx
blebiologic damage.
x xx
ANS: D xx
4. The millisievert (mSv) is equal to
xx xx xx xx xx
a. 1/10 of a sievert. xx xx xx
b. 1/100 of a sievert. xx xx xx
c. 1/1000 of a sievert. xx xx xx
d. 1/10,000 of a sievert. xx xx xx
ANS: C xx
5. The advantages of the BERT method are
xx xx xx xx xx xx
1. BERT does not imply radiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison.
xx xx xx xx x x xx xx xx x x xx x x xx
2. BERT emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of the environment.
xx x x xx x x xx xx x x xx xx xx
3. BERT provides an answer that is easy for the patient to comprehend.
x x x x xx xx xx xx xx xx xx x x xx
a. 1 and 2 only xx xx xx
b. 1 and 3 only xx xx xx
c. 2 and 3 only xx xx xx
d. All the options xx xx
ANS: D xx
6. If a patient asks a radiographer a question about how much radiation he or she will receivef
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx x
rom a specific x-ray procedure, the radiographer can
xx xx xx xx xx xx x x
a. respond by using an estimation based on the comparison of radiation received fr
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx x x xx xx x x
omthe x-ray to natural background radiation received.
x xx xx xx x x x x x x
b. avoid the patient’s question by changing the subject.
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
c. tell the patient that it is unethical to discuss such concerns.
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
d. refuse to answer the question and recommend that he or she speak with
x x xx x x xx x x xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
thereferring physician.
xx x x x
ANS: A xx
7. Why should the selection of technical exposure factors for all medical imaging proce
xx x x xx xx xx x x xx x x xx xx x x x x
duresalways follow ALARA?
x x x xx
a. So that referring physicians ordering imaging procedures do not have to accep
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
tresponsibility for patient radiation safety.
x x x xx x x x x
b. So that radiographers and radiologists do not have to accept responsibility for
xx xx xx xx x x xx xx xx xx xx x x
, patient radiation safety. xx xx
c. Because radiation- xx
induced cancer does not appear to have a fixed threshold, that is,a dose level
x xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx x x x x xx x xx xx xx
below which a person would have no chance of developing this disease.
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
d. Because radiation- xx
induced cancer does have a dose level at which individualswould have a
x xx xx xx x x xx xx x x xx x x x x x xx
chance of developing this disease.
xx x x xx x x x x
ANS: C xx
8. The cardinal principles of radiation protection include which of the following?
xx xx x x xx xx xx x x xx xx xx
a. Time
b. Distance
c. Shielding
d. All the options xx xx
ANS: D xx
9. In a hospital setting, which of the following professionals is expressly charged by the hos
xx xx x x xx x x xx x x xx xx xx x x x x xx xx
pitaladministration with being directly responsible for the execution, enforcement, and mai
x xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ntenance of the ALARA program? xx xx xx xx
a. Assistant administrator of the facility xx x x xx xx
b. Chief of staff xx xx
c. Radiation Safety Officer xx xx
d. Student radiologic technologist xx xx
ANS: C xx
10. Why is a question concerning the amount of radiation a patient will receive during a spec
xx xx xx xx xx xx x x xx xx xx x x x x x x xx xx
ificx-ray procedure difficult to answer?
x xx xx xx xx
1. Because the received dose is specified in a number of different units of measure.
xx xx x x xx xx xx xx xx x x xx x x x x xx
2. Because the scientific units for radiation dose are normally not comprehensible by a pati
xx xx xx x x xx x x xx xx x x xx x x xx xx
ent.
3. Because the patient should not receive any information about radiation dose.
xx xx xx x x xx x x xx x x xx x x
a. 1 and 2 only xx xx xx
b. 1 and 3 only xx xx xx
c. 2 and 3 only xx xx xx
d. All the options xx xx
ANS: A xx
11. X-rays are a form of which of the following kinds of radiation?
xx xx xx xx xx x x xx xx x x xx xx
a. Environmental
b. Ionizing
c. Internal
d. Nonionizing
ANS: B xx
12. What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric International System of Unit
xx xx xx xx xx x x x x xx xx xx x x x x xx xx
s?
a. Coulomb per kilogram xx xx
b. Milligray
c. Millisievert
d. Sievert
ANS: A xx
13. What organization was founded in 2007 that continues their pursuit to raise awareness of t
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
heneed for dose reduction protocols by promoting pediatric-
x xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
specified scan protocols to be usedfor both radiology and non-radiology users of CT?
xx xx xx xx xx x xx xx x x xx x x xx xx
xx xx
Chapter 1. Introduction to Radiation Protection
xx xx xx xx xx
Chapter 2. Radiation: Types, Sources, and Doses Receive
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
,dChapter 3. Interaction of X-Radiation with Matter
x xx xx xx xx xx xx
Chapter 4. Radiation Quantities and Unit
xx xx xx xx xx
sChapter 5. Radiation Monitoring
x xx xx xx
Chapter 6. Overview of Cell Biology
xx xx xx xx xx
Chapter 7. Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology
xx xx xx xx xx xx
Chapter 8. Early Tissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems Chap
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ter 9. Stochastic Effects and Late Tissue Reactions of Radiation in OrganSys
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx x
tems
Chapter 10. Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiatio
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
nChapter 11. Equipment Design for Radiation Protection
x xx xx xx xx xx xx
Chapter 12. Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
RayProcedures
x
Chapter 13. Radiation Safety in Computed Tomography and Mammograph
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
yChapter 14. Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation Dose During Di
x xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
agnostic X-Ray Proceduresxx xx
Chapter 15. Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
xx xx xx xx xx
Chapter 01: Introduction to Radiation Protection
x x xx x x xx x x
Sherer: Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, 10th Edition
x x xx xx xx x x x x x x
MULTIPLE CHOICE xx
1. Consequences of ionization in human cells include xx xx x x xx x x x x
1. creation of unstable atoms. xx xx xx
2. production of free electrons. x x xx xx
3. creation of highly reactive free molecules (called free radicals) capable of producingsu
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx x
bstances poisonous to the cell. x x x x xx xx
4. creation of new biologic molecules detrimental to the living cell.
xx xx xx x x x x xx xx xx xx
5. injury to the cell that may manifest itself as abnormal function or loss of function.
xx xx xx xx xx xx x x x x xx x x x x xx xx xx
6. production of low-energy x-ray photons. xx xx xx xx
a. 1, 2, 3, and 4 onlyxx xx xx xx xx
b. 2, 3, 4, and 5 onlyxx xx xx xx xx
c. 3, 4, 5, and 6 onlyxx xx xx xx xx
d. All the options xx xx
ANS: D xx
,2. Which of the following is a form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically charg
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
edparticles by removing orbital electrons from the atom of normal matter through which it p
x xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
asses?
a. Ionizing radiation xx
b. Nonionizing radiation xx
c. Subatomic radiation xx
d. Ultrasonic radiation xx
ANS: A xx
3. Regarding exposure to ionizing radiation, patients who are educated to understand the med
xx xx xx x x xx xx xx xx xx xx x x xx
icalbenefit of an imaging procedure are more likely to
x x x xx xx x x xx xx xx x x
a. assume a small chance of biologic damage but not suppress any radiation phobiat
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx x
hey may have. xx xx
b. cancel their scheduled procedure because they are not willing to assume a s
xx x x xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx x x xx
mallchance of biologic damage.
x xx xx xx
c. suppress any radiation phobia but not risk a small chance of possible biol
xx xx xx x x xx xx xx xx x x xx xx xxxx
ogicdamage. x
d. suppress any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small chance of possi
xx xx xx x x xx xx xx xx x x xx xx x x xx
blebiologic damage.
x xx
ANS: D xx
4. The millisievert (mSv) is equal to
xx xx xx xx xx
a. 1/10 of a sievert. xx xx xx
b. 1/100 of a sievert. xx xx xx
c. 1/1000 of a sievert. xx xx xx
d. 1/10,000 of a sievert. xx xx xx
ANS: C xx
5. The advantages of the BERT method are
xx xx xx xx xx xx
1. BERT does not imply radiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison.
xx xx xx xx x x xx xx xx x x xx x x xx
2. BERT emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of the environment.
xx x x xx x x xx xx x x xx xx xx
3. BERT provides an answer that is easy for the patient to comprehend.
x x x x xx xx xx xx xx xx xx x x xx
a. 1 and 2 only xx xx xx
b. 1 and 3 only xx xx xx
c. 2 and 3 only xx xx xx
d. All the options xx xx
ANS: D xx
6. If a patient asks a radiographer a question about how much radiation he or she will receivef
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx x
rom a specific x-ray procedure, the radiographer can
xx xx xx xx xx xx x x
a. respond by using an estimation based on the comparison of radiation received fr
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx x x xx xx x x
omthe x-ray to natural background radiation received.
x xx xx xx x x x x x x
b. avoid the patient’s question by changing the subject.
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
c. tell the patient that it is unethical to discuss such concerns.
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
d. refuse to answer the question and recommend that he or she speak with
x x xx x x xx x x xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
thereferring physician.
xx x x x
ANS: A xx
7. Why should the selection of technical exposure factors for all medical imaging proce
xx x x xx xx xx x x xx x x xx xx x x x x
duresalways follow ALARA?
x x x xx
a. So that referring physicians ordering imaging procedures do not have to accep
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
tresponsibility for patient radiation safety.
x x x xx x x x x
b. So that radiographers and radiologists do not have to accept responsibility for
xx xx xx xx x x xx xx xx xx xx x x
, patient radiation safety. xx xx
c. Because radiation- xx
induced cancer does not appear to have a fixed threshold, that is,a dose level
x xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx x x x x xx x xx xx xx
below which a person would have no chance of developing this disease.
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
d. Because radiation- xx
induced cancer does have a dose level at which individualswould have a
x xx xx xx x x xx xx x x xx x x x x x xx
chance of developing this disease.
xx x x xx x x x x
ANS: C xx
8. The cardinal principles of radiation protection include which of the following?
xx xx x x xx xx xx x x xx xx xx
a. Time
b. Distance
c. Shielding
d. All the options xx xx
ANS: D xx
9. In a hospital setting, which of the following professionals is expressly charged by the hos
xx xx x x xx x x xx x x xx xx xx x x x x xx xx
pitaladministration with being directly responsible for the execution, enforcement, and mai
x xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
ntenance of the ALARA program? xx xx xx xx
a. Assistant administrator of the facility xx x x xx xx
b. Chief of staff xx xx
c. Radiation Safety Officer xx xx
d. Student radiologic technologist xx xx
ANS: C xx
10. Why is a question concerning the amount of radiation a patient will receive during a spec
xx xx xx xx xx xx x x xx xx xx x x x x x x xx xx
ificx-ray procedure difficult to answer?
x xx xx xx xx
1. Because the received dose is specified in a number of different units of measure.
xx xx x x xx xx xx xx xx x x xx x x x x xx
2. Because the scientific units for radiation dose are normally not comprehensible by a pati
xx xx xx x x xx x x xx xx x x xx x x xx xx
ent.
3. Because the patient should not receive any information about radiation dose.
xx xx xx x x xx x x xx x x xx x x
a. 1 and 2 only xx xx xx
b. 1 and 3 only xx xx xx
c. 2 and 3 only xx xx xx
d. All the options xx xx
ANS: A xx
11. X-rays are a form of which of the following kinds of radiation?
xx xx xx xx xx x x xx xx x x xx xx
a. Environmental
b. Ionizing
c. Internal
d. Nonionizing
ANS: B xx
12. What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric International System of Unit
xx xx xx xx xx x x x x xx xx xx x x x x xx xx
s?
a. Coulomb per kilogram xx xx
b. Milligray
c. Millisievert
d. Sievert
ANS: A xx
13. What organization was founded in 2007 that continues their pursuit to raise awareness of t
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
heneed for dose reduction protocols by promoting pediatric-
x xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
specified scan protocols to be usedfor both radiology and non-radiology users of CT?
xx xx xx xx xx x xx xx x x xx x x xx xx
