NSPN 7100 Module 3-8 Exam UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
approximately how many pregnancies are unplanned at the time of conception? - CORRECT
ANSWER 50%
Organogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER the period of time that the fetus's important
organs are developing.
What is the time period of organogenesis? - CORRECT ANSWER Begins at 6 weeks
and extends to 10 weeks
During what period is the fetus most at risk from defects caused by external factors (such as
drugs or toxins)? - CORRECT ANSWER During organogenesis
How does WHO define preconception care? - CORRECT ANSWER the provision of
biomedical, behavioral and social health interventions to women and couples before
conception occurs, aimed at improving their health status, and reducing behaviors and
individual and environmental factors that could contribute to poor maternal and child health
outcomes. Its ultimate aim is improved maternal and child health outcomes, in both the short
and long term.
List the short term benefits of preconception care - CORRECT ANSWER - reducing
the number of preterm births
- decreasing the number of unintended pregnancies
- lowering the risk of genetic disorders or environmental exposures
- reducing maternal and neonatal mortality
- improving maternal and child health outcomes
How does preconception care contribute to the health and well being of child bearing
women? - CORRECT ANSWER Assists women in relation to nutrition, infertility and
subfertility, mental health, intimate partner and sexual violence, and substance use
,Why is preconception care particularly important for women with existing health conditions?
(ie. Diabetes, HIV, HTN, obesity, mental health disorders, renal disease) - CORRECT
ANSWER These conditions require additional pregnancy planning, assessments, and
interventions in order to ensure healthy outcomes for both the woman and her infant.
Define Conception - CORRECT ANSWER the union of a single egg and sperm
(fertilization of an ovum by a sperm)- marks the beginning of a pregnancy.
Define what the textbook means by conception as a sequential process - CORRECT
ANSWER sequential process includes gamete (egg and sperm) formation, ovulation
(release of the egg), fertilization (union of the gametes), and implantation in the uterus.
Explain Mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER body cells replicate to yield two cells with the
same genetic makeup as the parent cell. First the cell makesa copy of its deoxyribonucleic
acid (DNA), and then it divides; each daughter cell receives one copy of the genetic material.
What is the purpose of Mitotic division? - CORRECT ANSWER Mitotic division
facilitates growth and development or cell replacement.
What is Meiosis? - CORRECT ANSWER the process by which germ cells divide and
decrease their chromosomal number by half, producing gametes (eggs and sperm)
Define allele - CORRECT ANSWER a variation of a gene
Ex: Blue vs Brown eye alleles for the eye color gene
Are gametes haploid or diploid? - CORRECT ANSWER haploid (23 chromosomes)
When the female gamete (egg or ovum)
, and the male gamete (spermatozoon) unite to form the zygote are they haploid or diploid? -
CORRECT ANSWER the diploid number of human chromosomes (46, or 23 pairs) is
restored at this point
What process leads to the mixing of alleles, accounting for the variation of traits seen in the
offspring of the
same two parents? - CORRECT ANSWER Meiosis
The first meiotic division occurs monthly in a women. When does the second meiotic
division occur? - CORRECT ANSWER At fertilization
What is nondisjunction? - CORRECT ANSWER An error in cell division that causes
homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to move to the same side of the dividing cell
When homologous chromosomes fail to separate during gametogenesis (nondisjunction),
some gametes have 24 chromosomes and others have 22
If a gamete with 24 chromosomes unites with a normal gamete with 23 chromosomes
resulting in a zygote that has 47 chromosomes, what condition will occur? - CORRECT
ANSWER This produces a trisomy as occurs in Down syndrome.
If a gamete with 22 chromosomes unites with a normal gamete with 23 chromosomes
resulting in a zygote with 45 chromosomes, what condition will occur? - CORRECT
ANSWER This produces a monosomy leading to Turner syndrome - People with
Turner syndrome typically have one X chromosome instead of the usual two sex
chromosomes. Turner syndrome is the only full monosomy that is seen in humans—all other
cases of full monosomy are lethal and the individual will not survive development.
What hormone assists in the motility of the uterine tubes so the cilia are able to capture the
ovum and propel it through the tube toward the uterine cavity? (an ovum cannot move by
itself) - CORRECT ANSWER High estrogen levels
What are the two protective layers that surround the ovum? - CORRECT
ANSWER The inner layer is a thick, acellular layer, called the zona pellucida.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
approximately how many pregnancies are unplanned at the time of conception? - CORRECT
ANSWER 50%
Organogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER the period of time that the fetus's important
organs are developing.
What is the time period of organogenesis? - CORRECT ANSWER Begins at 6 weeks
and extends to 10 weeks
During what period is the fetus most at risk from defects caused by external factors (such as
drugs or toxins)? - CORRECT ANSWER During organogenesis
How does WHO define preconception care? - CORRECT ANSWER the provision of
biomedical, behavioral and social health interventions to women and couples before
conception occurs, aimed at improving their health status, and reducing behaviors and
individual and environmental factors that could contribute to poor maternal and child health
outcomes. Its ultimate aim is improved maternal and child health outcomes, in both the short
and long term.
List the short term benefits of preconception care - CORRECT ANSWER - reducing
the number of preterm births
- decreasing the number of unintended pregnancies
- lowering the risk of genetic disorders or environmental exposures
- reducing maternal and neonatal mortality
- improving maternal and child health outcomes
How does preconception care contribute to the health and well being of child bearing
women? - CORRECT ANSWER Assists women in relation to nutrition, infertility and
subfertility, mental health, intimate partner and sexual violence, and substance use
,Why is preconception care particularly important for women with existing health conditions?
(ie. Diabetes, HIV, HTN, obesity, mental health disorders, renal disease) - CORRECT
ANSWER These conditions require additional pregnancy planning, assessments, and
interventions in order to ensure healthy outcomes for both the woman and her infant.
Define Conception - CORRECT ANSWER the union of a single egg and sperm
(fertilization of an ovum by a sperm)- marks the beginning of a pregnancy.
Define what the textbook means by conception as a sequential process - CORRECT
ANSWER sequential process includes gamete (egg and sperm) formation, ovulation
(release of the egg), fertilization (union of the gametes), and implantation in the uterus.
Explain Mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER body cells replicate to yield two cells with the
same genetic makeup as the parent cell. First the cell makesa copy of its deoxyribonucleic
acid (DNA), and then it divides; each daughter cell receives one copy of the genetic material.
What is the purpose of Mitotic division? - CORRECT ANSWER Mitotic division
facilitates growth and development or cell replacement.
What is Meiosis? - CORRECT ANSWER the process by which germ cells divide and
decrease their chromosomal number by half, producing gametes (eggs and sperm)
Define allele - CORRECT ANSWER a variation of a gene
Ex: Blue vs Brown eye alleles for the eye color gene
Are gametes haploid or diploid? - CORRECT ANSWER haploid (23 chromosomes)
When the female gamete (egg or ovum)
, and the male gamete (spermatozoon) unite to form the zygote are they haploid or diploid? -
CORRECT ANSWER the diploid number of human chromosomes (46, or 23 pairs) is
restored at this point
What process leads to the mixing of alleles, accounting for the variation of traits seen in the
offspring of the
same two parents? - CORRECT ANSWER Meiosis
The first meiotic division occurs monthly in a women. When does the second meiotic
division occur? - CORRECT ANSWER At fertilization
What is nondisjunction? - CORRECT ANSWER An error in cell division that causes
homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to move to the same side of the dividing cell
When homologous chromosomes fail to separate during gametogenesis (nondisjunction),
some gametes have 24 chromosomes and others have 22
If a gamete with 24 chromosomes unites with a normal gamete with 23 chromosomes
resulting in a zygote that has 47 chromosomes, what condition will occur? - CORRECT
ANSWER This produces a trisomy as occurs in Down syndrome.
If a gamete with 22 chromosomes unites with a normal gamete with 23 chromosomes
resulting in a zygote with 45 chromosomes, what condition will occur? - CORRECT
ANSWER This produces a monosomy leading to Turner syndrome - People with
Turner syndrome typically have one X chromosome instead of the usual two sex
chromosomes. Turner syndrome is the only full monosomy that is seen in humans—all other
cases of full monosomy are lethal and the individual will not survive development.
What hormone assists in the motility of the uterine tubes so the cilia are able to capture the
ovum and propel it through the tube toward the uterine cavity? (an ovum cannot move by
itself) - CORRECT ANSWER High estrogen levels
What are the two protective layers that surround the ovum? - CORRECT
ANSWER The inner layer is a thick, acellular layer, called the zona pellucida.
