Wong’s Nursing Care of Infants and Children, 12th Edition —
Chapter 1: Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing.
1. Chapter 1 – Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing, Health
Promotion
Key Concept: Leading cause of death in US adolescents
Stem: A school nurse is planning a safety program for 14- to 18-
year-olds. Which topic should receive highest priority to reduce
mortality in this age-group?
A. Drowning prevention
B. Firearm violence prevention
C. Vaping cessation
D. Sports concussion recognition
Correct Answer: B
Rationale Correct: Unintentional firearm injury is the leading
cause of death among US adolescents 14–18 yr (CDC, 2023);
primary prevention of violence saves the most lives. Wong 12e
Ch 1 “Childhood Mortality.”
Incorrect: A – Drowning is important but ranks below firearm
deaths in adolescents. C – Vaping causes morbidity, not the top
mortality. D – Concussions are common but rarely fatal.
Teaching Point: Match prevention teaching to the leading lethal
threat by age.
2. Chapter 1 – Infant Mortality & Morbidity
Key Concept: US infant mortality disparity
,Stem: A public-health nurse compares national data and notes
the highest infant mortality rates occur among which
population?
A. Hispanic mothers
B. Non-Hispanic Black mothers
C. Asian mothers
D. Non-Hispanic White mothers
Correct Answer: B
Rationale Correct: Non-Hispanic Black infants die at 2.3× the
rate of White infants, chiefly from preterm birth and SIDS
(Wong 12e Ch 1 “Infant Mortality”).
Incorrect: A,C – Rates are below national average. D – Rate is
mid-range, not highest.
Teaching Point: Identify at-risk populations to target prenatal &
infant interventions.
3. Chapter 1 – Role of the Pediatric Nurse, Family Advocacy
Key Concept: Family-centered care principle
Stem: A 5-year-old with leukemia is hospitalized. Which nurse
action best demonstrates family-centered care?
A. Restricting visiting to parents only to reduce infection risk
B. Asking parents to step out during procedures to decrease
child anxiety
C. Including parents in daily interdisciplinary rounds
D. Delegating all oral medication administration to parents
Correct Answer: C
,Rationale Correct: Wong defines family-centered care as
collaboration with families at every level; including parents in
rounds supports shared decision-making (Ch 1 “Philosophy of
Care”).
Incorrect: A – Restricts family presence; B – Undermines
parental coping; D – Delegation must maintain nurse
accountability.
Teaching Point: Partner with families, not merely permit
visitation.
4. Chapter 1 – Health Promotion, Injury Prevention
Key Concept: Toddler drowning prevention
Stem: Which parent statement indicates understanding of
toddler water-safety teaching?
A. “I’ll fill the bucket only halfway so she can’t drown.”
B. “We installed a four-sided fence with self-latching gate
around the pool.”
C. “I keep the doggy door closed so she can’t reach the pool.”
D. “She wears inflatable arm bands whenever we’re near
water.”
Correct Answer: B
Rationale Correct: Four-sided isolation fencing reduces toddler
drowning by 83 % (AAP, 2021); cited in Wong 12e Ch 1
“Childhood Injuries.”
Incorrect: A – Toddlers can drown in 2 in of water; C – Doggy-
, door access still allows unsupervised exit; D – Arm bands are
toys, not life-saving devices.
Teaching Point: Environmental engineering > supervision aids
for toddlers.
5. Chapter 1 – Nutrition, Obesity & Type 2 Diabetes
Key Concept: BMI percentile indicating overweight
Stem: During a well-child visit, a 9-year-old’s BMI is 87th
percentile. The nurse should classify this child as:
A. Underweight
B. Healthy weight
C. Overweight
D. Obese
Correct Answer: C
Rationale Correct: BMI 85th–94th percentile = overweight;
≥95th = obese (CDC, 2021); Wong 12e Ch 1 “Obesity & Type 2
Diabetes.”
Incorrect: A – <5th percentile; B – 5th–84th; D – ≥95th.
Teaching Point: Use exact percentile cut-offs to trigger
counseling.
6. Chapter 1 – Oral Health, Health Promotion
Key Concept: First dental visit timing
Stem: A mother asks when her baby should see a dentist. The
nurse correctly replies:
A. “Within 6 months of the first tooth erupting, or by 12
Chapter 1: Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing.
1. Chapter 1 – Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing, Health
Promotion
Key Concept: Leading cause of death in US adolescents
Stem: A school nurse is planning a safety program for 14- to 18-
year-olds. Which topic should receive highest priority to reduce
mortality in this age-group?
A. Drowning prevention
B. Firearm violence prevention
C. Vaping cessation
D. Sports concussion recognition
Correct Answer: B
Rationale Correct: Unintentional firearm injury is the leading
cause of death among US adolescents 14–18 yr (CDC, 2023);
primary prevention of violence saves the most lives. Wong 12e
Ch 1 “Childhood Mortality.”
Incorrect: A – Drowning is important but ranks below firearm
deaths in adolescents. C – Vaping causes morbidity, not the top
mortality. D – Concussions are common but rarely fatal.
Teaching Point: Match prevention teaching to the leading lethal
threat by age.
2. Chapter 1 – Infant Mortality & Morbidity
Key Concept: US infant mortality disparity
,Stem: A public-health nurse compares national data and notes
the highest infant mortality rates occur among which
population?
A. Hispanic mothers
B. Non-Hispanic Black mothers
C. Asian mothers
D. Non-Hispanic White mothers
Correct Answer: B
Rationale Correct: Non-Hispanic Black infants die at 2.3× the
rate of White infants, chiefly from preterm birth and SIDS
(Wong 12e Ch 1 “Infant Mortality”).
Incorrect: A,C – Rates are below national average. D – Rate is
mid-range, not highest.
Teaching Point: Identify at-risk populations to target prenatal &
infant interventions.
3. Chapter 1 – Role of the Pediatric Nurse, Family Advocacy
Key Concept: Family-centered care principle
Stem: A 5-year-old with leukemia is hospitalized. Which nurse
action best demonstrates family-centered care?
A. Restricting visiting to parents only to reduce infection risk
B. Asking parents to step out during procedures to decrease
child anxiety
C. Including parents in daily interdisciplinary rounds
D. Delegating all oral medication administration to parents
Correct Answer: C
,Rationale Correct: Wong defines family-centered care as
collaboration with families at every level; including parents in
rounds supports shared decision-making (Ch 1 “Philosophy of
Care”).
Incorrect: A – Restricts family presence; B – Undermines
parental coping; D – Delegation must maintain nurse
accountability.
Teaching Point: Partner with families, not merely permit
visitation.
4. Chapter 1 – Health Promotion, Injury Prevention
Key Concept: Toddler drowning prevention
Stem: Which parent statement indicates understanding of
toddler water-safety teaching?
A. “I’ll fill the bucket only halfway so she can’t drown.”
B. “We installed a four-sided fence with self-latching gate
around the pool.”
C. “I keep the doggy door closed so she can’t reach the pool.”
D. “She wears inflatable arm bands whenever we’re near
water.”
Correct Answer: B
Rationale Correct: Four-sided isolation fencing reduces toddler
drowning by 83 % (AAP, 2021); cited in Wong 12e Ch 1
“Childhood Injuries.”
Incorrect: A – Toddlers can drown in 2 in of water; C – Doggy-
, door access still allows unsupervised exit; D – Arm bands are
toys, not life-saving devices.
Teaching Point: Environmental engineering > supervision aids
for toddlers.
5. Chapter 1 – Nutrition, Obesity & Type 2 Diabetes
Key Concept: BMI percentile indicating overweight
Stem: During a well-child visit, a 9-year-old’s BMI is 87th
percentile. The nurse should classify this child as:
A. Underweight
B. Healthy weight
C. Overweight
D. Obese
Correct Answer: C
Rationale Correct: BMI 85th–94th percentile = overweight;
≥95th = obese (CDC, 2021); Wong 12e Ch 1 “Obesity & Type 2
Diabetes.”
Incorrect: A – <5th percentile; B – 5th–84th; D – ≥95th.
Teaching Point: Use exact percentile cut-offs to trigger
counseling.
6. Chapter 1 – Oral Health, Health Promotion
Key Concept: First dental visit timing
Stem: A mother asks when her baby should see a dentist. The
nurse correctly replies:
A. “Within 6 months of the first tooth erupting, or by 12
